1. The Structure of Molecules Determines the Function Ex. Gloves have specific shape that gives them the ability to do certain things

2. 4.C.1 – Variation In Structure Provides A Wide Range of Functions Carbon has ___ unpaired electrons so it forms ___ covalent bonds Hugh variety of shapes

5. C compounds may form ____ Lines represent _________ Connected lines represent ______ C atoms are numbered

6. Isomers

7. Functional group – group of atoms attached to an organic molecule that helps determine the function of the molecule Why are functional groups important?

8. Common Functional groups OH CH 3 SH COOH NH 2

9. 4.A.1 - Subcomponents and Their Sequence Determines Properties

10. Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

11. Carbohydrate Monomers

12. Carbohydrates What are disaccharides?

14. Carbohydrates: Function Energy; stored energy - ________, ________ Structure – __________, _____________ Cell-to-cell communication, identification (glycoproteins, glycolipids) –Antigens/antibodies

15. Lipids are insoluble ion water

16. Triglycerides: Fats

17. Triglycerides - Fats

18. Saturated No double bonds Solids Animal fats - grease, lard, butter Unsaturated Double bond(s) Liquids Plant fats (oil) Corn, peanut, olive oils Triglycerides

19. Phospholipids Amphipathic? ?

20. Phospholipids

22. Micelle – phospholipids spontaneously form a sphere in water

23. Steroids - insoluble in water

24. Steroids Arrangement of functional groups is critical

25. Importance of Lipids Energy (Ex.?) Padding (Ex.?) Insulation (Ex.?) Structure (Ex.?) Hormones (Ex.?)

26. Type of Protein FunctionExample StructureSupportCollagen, keratin, elastin StorageStore amino acidsCasein – milk Transport ? HormonesSignaling? ReceptorRespond to signalsNerve, muscle, senses ContractileMovementActin, myosin DefensiveProtectionAntibodies EnzymesAccelerate reactionsCatalase

27. Proteins - Amino Acids

29. Proteins – long chains of peptide bonds formed by dehydration synthesis

30. Proteins

31. Four levels of protein structure: –Primary –Secondary –Tertiary –Quaternary

32. Proteins: Primary Structure

33. Secondary Structure

34. Tertiary Structure

35. Quaternary Structure

37. Denaturation

40. Nucleic Acids

43. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology***

44. # 1 – Formation of Monomers From Low Energy Molecules (Miller-Urey)

45. #2 – Formation of Polymers from Monomers RNA nucleotides and amino acids will spontaneously polymerize when solutions of amino acids are dripped onto hot sands or clays

46. #3 – Origin of Self- Replicating Molecules Claim: RNA may have acted as an early catalyst for polymerization and/or molecule to store code. Evidence: RNA (simpler than DNA) will: –Act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions –Assemble itself (polymerization) –Replicate itself – make more code to be passed to the next generation

47. # 4 – Formation of A Protocell Protobiont – 1 st life