1. Ahmed Ali 707

2. WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is everything around you! Matter is everything that we can taste, smell, or touch. However, it does not include heat, sound, or light. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be as big as an elephant or as tiny as a grain of rice. Matter is made of different atoms.

3. 4 STATES OF MATTER Solid- has a certain shape and volume. -Examples: Bar of steel, dry ice, wood, desk, and computer. Gas- does not have a certain shape, mass or volume. -Examples: air, oxygen, helium, nitrogen, and neon. Liquid- has a certain volume, but takes the shape of its container. -Examples: Water, Soda, Milk, Oil, and Juice. Plasma- has no definite volume or shape. They are made up of electrons and positive ions. -Examples: Stars, Comet tails, Lightning, neon signs, and fluorescent lights.

4. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical Property-is basically any characteristic of a material that you can see without changing the substance into another substance. -Examples: Color, Taste, Density, Boiling Point, Softness. Chemical Property- is basically any characteristic that can be observed when the substance undergoes a change in its composition. -Examples: reactivity with light, reactivity with water, reactivity with oxygen, flammability.

5. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES Physical Change-is the change that can be “undone” meaning the material itself is the same before and after the change. -Examples: ice melting, crumpling a sheet of paper, breaking a bottle, cutting of wood, and stretching a rubber band. Chemical Change-is the change that cannot be “undone” meaning the substance changes its identity and a new substance is formed. -Examples: nail rusting, burning of wood, water evaporation, burning of paper, and decaying animals.

6. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES

7. WHAT IS AN ATOM? Atom is the smallest unit of matter. It is made of three small parts that are: Protons-has a positive charge that is found inside the nucleus of an atom. This part also helps identifying the atomic number. Neutrons-has a neutral charge that is found inside the nucleus of an atom. Electrons- has a invisible negative charge that surrounds the nucleus of an atom.

8. WHAT IS AN ELEMENT? An element the simplest form of matter that cannot be further broken down using any chemical ways. An element is classified as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal. -Examples: Gold, Carbon, Silver, Helium, and Oxygen.

9. WHAT IS A COMPOUND? A compound is a substance that is made when two or more elements combine. and there properties are different from each of the elements in it. -Examples-Salt, Sugar, Sand, Water, and Air

10. WHAT IS A PERIODIC TABLE? A Periodic Table is a table of the chemical elements that are organized according to their properties. It shows the symbols of the elements, their full names, their atomic numbers, mass number and atomic mass. Its organized into groups and periods, meaning columns and rows, based on there properties and structure.

11. PERIODIC TABLE

12. How to Read a Periodic Table? Well first you’ll see 1 number at the top of 1 of the squares and 2 or 3 letter and a number at the bottom. The number at the top is the atomic number, this tells the number of protons in an element. The 2 or 3 letters on the bottom are the atomic symbol. The bottom number is the atomic mass, this tells how much one atom of the elements weighs in atomic mass units. There are 18 columns, called groups, they are based on the atomic structure of the elements. There are 7 rows, called periods, they are based on chemical properties.

13. SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES A Substance is matter that has the same composition and properties constantly. A Mixture is a combination of compounds and elements that is not formed into a new substance and whose properties can be changed without changing the identity of the mixture.

14. HETEROGENEOUS & HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES Heterogeneous Mixture is a type of mixture that has unevenly mixed substances, and are not soluble. -Examples: Oil, Water, Sandy water, Orange Juice with pulp, and Soil sample. Homogeneous Mixture is a type of mixture that has two evenly mixed substances, but are not bonded together. -Examples: Blood, Soapy Water, Brewed Coffee, Glass of Orange Juice, and mixture of Alcohol and water.

15. WHAT IS A SOLUTION? A Solution is a homogenous mixture that has elements or compounds that are evenly mixed at the molecular level but they are not bonded together. There are two main parts to any solution: Solute-is the substance that dissolves and disappears into another substance. Solvent- is the substance into which the solute is dissolved, and is present in a greater concentration.

16. EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS 1- Coffee- Water is the solvent and the coffee is the solute) 2- Sugar Water- Water is the solvent and the sugar is the solute. 3- Salt Water- Water is the solvent and the salt is the solute. 4- Lemonade– Water is the Solvent and the lemonade mix is the solute. 5-Hot Chocolate- Water is the Solvent and the hot chocolate mix is the solute.

17. SOLUBILITY Solubility is the measurement of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent.

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19. REFERENCES http://www.chem4kids.com http://sciencepark.etacude.com http://chemistry.about.com New York Science Textbook Pictures from Google images