1. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Introduction to Earth Science Preview Multiple Choice Short Response Reading Skills Interpreting Graphics

2. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1.A tested explanation of a natural phenomenon that has become widely adopted is a scientific A.hypothesis. B.law. C.theory. D.observation.

3. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1.A tested explanation of a natural phenomenon that has become widely adopted is a scientific A.hypothesis. B.law. C.theory. D.observation.

4. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2.If experimental results do not match their predictions, scientists generally will F.repeat the experiment until they do match. G.make the measurements more precise. H.revise their working hypothesis. I.change their experimental results.

5. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2.If experimental results do not match their predictions, scientists generally will F.repeat the experiment until they do match. G.make the measurements more precise. H.revise their working hypothesis. I.change their experimental results.

6. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3.Scientists who study weather charts to analyze trends and to predict future weather events are A.astronomers. B.environmental scientists. C.geologists. D.meteorologists.

7. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3.Scientists who study weather charts to analyze trends and to predict future weather events are A.astronomers. B.environmental scientists. C.geologists. D.meteorologists.

8. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4.What type of model uses molded clay, soil, and chemicals to simulate a volcanic eruption? F.conceptual model G.physical model H.mathematical model I.computer model

9. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4.What type of model uses molded clay, soil, and chemicals to simulate a volcanic eruption? F.conceptual model G.physical model H.mathematical model I.computer model

10. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5.Which of the following is an example of a new technology? A.a tool that is designed to help a doctor better diagnose patients B.a previously unknown element that is discovered in nature C.a law that is passed to fund scientists conducting new experiments D.scientists who record observations on the movement of a star

11. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5.Which of the following is an example of a new technology? A.a tool that is designed to help a doctor better diagnose patients B.a previously unknown element that is discovered in nature C.a law that is passed to fund scientists conducting new experiments D.scientists who record observations on the movement of a star

12. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Short Response 6.What is the term for the factors that change as a result of a scientific experiment?

13. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Short Response 6.What is the term for the factors that change as a result of a scientific experiment? dependent variables

14. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 7.Why do scientists often review one another’s work before it is published?

15. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 7.Why do scientists often review one another’s work before it is published? to determine the validity of the results and conclusions

16. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills Read the passage below. Then, answer questions 8–10. Scientific Investigation Scientists look for answers by asking questions. These questions are often answered through experimentation and observation. For example, scientists have wondered if there is some relationship between Earth’s core and Earth’s magnetic field. To form their hypothesis, scientists started with what they knew: Earth has a dense, solid inner core and a molten outer core. They then created a computer model to simulate how Earth’s magnetic field is generated. The model predicted that Earth’s inner core spins in the same direction as the rest of Earth does but slightly faster than the surface does. If the hypothesis is correct, it might explain how Earth’s magnetic field is generated. But how could the researchers test the hypothesis? Because scientists do not have the technology to drill to the core, they had to get their information indirectly. To do this, they decided to track the seismic waves that are created by earthquakes. These waves travel through Earth, and scientists can use them to infer information about the core.

17. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 8.The possibility of a connection between Earth’s core and Earth’s magnetic field formed the basis of the scientists’ what? F. theory G.law H.hypothesis I.fact

18. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 8.The possibility of a connection between Earth’s core and Earth’s magnetic field formed the basis of the scientists’ what? F. theory G.law H.hypothesis I.fact

19. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 9.To begin their investigation, the scientists first built a model. What did this model predict? A. Earth’s outer core is molten, and the inner core is solid. B.Earth’s inner core is molten, and the outer core is solid. C.Earth’s inner core spins in the same direction as the rest of Earth does. D.Earth’s outer core spins in the same direction as the rest of Earth does. Reading Skills, continued

20. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 9.To begin their investigation, the scientists first built a model. What did this model predict? A. Earth’s outer core is molten, and the inner core is solid. B.Earth’s inner core is molten, and the outer core is solid. C.Earth’s inner core spins in the same direction as the rest of Earth does. D.Earth’s outer core spins in the same direction as the rest of Earth does. Reading Skills, continued

21. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 10.Why might the scientists have chosen to build a computer model of Earth, instead of a physical model of Earth? Because of the complexity of the inner workings of Earth, a computer model would be more practical and accurate than a physical model would be in this case. Reading Skills, continued

22. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep The diagram below shows the four major areas studied by Earth scientists. Use this diagram to answer question 11. Interpreting Graphics

23. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 11.A scientist studying the events that take place in area C would be primarily concerned with which of the following? F.Earth’s age G.Earth’s weather H.movement of waves and tides I.movement of the stars across the sky Interpreting Graphics, continued

24. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 11.A scientist studying the events that take place in area C would be primarily concerned with which of the following? F.Earth’s age G.Earth’s weather H.movement of waves and tides I.movement of the stars across the sky Interpreting Graphics, continued

25. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep Use the flowchart below to answer question 12. Interpreting Graphics, continued

26. Introduction to Earth Science Standardized Test Prep 12.What are two possible outcomes of the experimental process? What would a scientist do with the information gathered during the experimental process? Answers should include the following: scientific methods are logical ways of solving problems but are not sets of steps that are followed in an invariable sequence, nor that lead to an invariable outcome; possible outcomes include new observations and data collection; scientists analyze data to decide whether the data support or disprove a hypothesis; if data disprove a hypothesis, the hypothesis is rethought; not only do experimental results sometimes lead to new hypothesis, but they also may open new avenues for investigation by suggesting new questions. Interpreting Graphics, continued