1. Spanish-American War Chapter 10 Section 2 Notes

2. Where is the war fought? Mainly in 2 Spanish Colonies a. Cuba b. The Phillipines

3. Origins of the Conflict U.S. wanted to buy Cuba from Spain in mid 1800’s U.S. wanted to buy Cuba from Spain in mid 1800’s –Spain says no –Cuban people have unsuccessful revolution  Unhappy with Spanish rule, want independence Spain eliminates slavery in Cuba in mid 1880s Spain eliminates slavery in Cuba in mid 1880s –American businesses go there to set up businesses  Especially sugar cane and tobacco plantations

4. Cuba’s 2 nd attempt at Revolution Led by Jose Marti Led by Jose Marti –Rebels destroyed Spanish and U.S. property  Tried to drag U.S. into conflict  Didn’t work right away. Quickly defeated by Spain

5. Valeriano Weyler – Spanish Governor of Cuba Valeriano Weyler – Spanish Governor of Cuba –Unhappy with revolutionaries and Cubans in general  Ordered all Cuban natives into camps  1 out of 8 Cubans died (got ill, malnourished, beaten) Weyler’s nickname in the press was “The Butcher”

6. U.S. Govt. wants to stay neutral at 1 st U.S. Govt. wants to stay neutral at 1 st –Why?  U.S. had pretty good relationship with Spain –What changes this?  3 main things

7. 1. Yellow Journalism In competition for readers, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. This yellow journalism – sensational writing that exaggerates news to attract and enrage readers - sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well: In competition for readers, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. This yellow journalism – sensational writing that exaggerates news to attract and enrage readers - sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well: –It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. –It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy

8. 2. The De Lome Letter A letter from a Spanish Govt. official in Cuba intended for “a higher up” in Spain was stolen by Cuban revolutionaries, who sold it to a NY Paper A letter from a Spanish Govt. official in Cuba intended for “a higher up” in Spain was stolen by Cuban revolutionaries, who sold it to a NY Paper It basically called U.S. President McKinley a wimp It basically called U.S. President McKinley a wimp

9. 3. U.S.S. Maine Explodes Battleship stationed close to Cuba Battleship stationed close to Cuba Nobody knows for sure what caused the explosion Nobody knows for sure what caused the explosion Around 260 Americans killed Around 260 Americans killed U.S. papers jump to the conclusion that Spain did it. U.S. papers jump to the conclusion that Spain did it. “Remember the Maine” “Remember the Maine”

11. U.S. Govt. pressured to act Declares war (April 1898) Declares war (April 1898) Includes Teller Amendment Includes Teller Amendment  U.S. promises to not make Cuba a territory after peace was established. –Cuban people would finally get independence.

12. The War (Part 1) U.S. began with a surprise attack (May 1, 1898) U.S. began with a surprise attack (May 1, 1898) Where? The Philippines (another Spanish colony) Where? The Philippines (another Spanish colony) –Not close to Cuba (in the Pacific Ocean) Why? Why? –to sink Spanish ships stationed there before they could sail towards the U.S. or reinforce Cuba

13. Admiral George Dewey (under orders from the Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt) destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in 7 hours Admiral George Dewey (under orders from the Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt) destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in 7 hours

14. Gave Filipino revolutionary leader (Aguinaldo) resources to lead a land invasion. Gave Filipino revolutionary leader (Aguinaldo) resources to lead a land invasion. –Did not originally plan to do this Spain surrenders in Philippines (Aug. 1898) Spain surrenders in Philippines (Aug. 1898) –Who would rule the islands?  The revolutionaries (led by Aguilnaldo)? OR…  The U.S (a new colony)? More in Sec. 3

15. The War (Part 2) Focus is on Cuba Focus is on Cuba U.S. Navy and Cavalry attack together U.S. Navy and Cavalry attack together U.S troops Arrive in Cuba June 22, 1898

16. U.S. Military not well equipped -Small # of troops -Supplies like food, clothing, weapons, and medicine were either scarce, inappropriate, or out of date.

17. The Rough Riders -Teddy Roosevelt resigns his post in the Pacific for some action in Cuba -Led group of cavalry in many battles (Most Famous – San Juan Hill) -Brought his own photographer with him -Became a hero due to this (led to him being governor of NY and eventually President)

18. African Americans also helped but get hardly any credit African Americans also helped but get hardly any credit

19. Navy Sinks Spanish Fleet in Cuba Navy had ships stationed off East Coast and Florida prepared for an attack on U.S. Navy had ships stationed off East Coast and Florida prepared for an attack on U.S. –Led by Admiral Sampson Spain sent all ships to Santiago (port in Cuba) to give supplies and organize (bad idea) Spain sent all ships to Santiago (port in Cuba) to give supplies and organize (bad idea) –U.S. found out, surrounded the port, and sunk all ships when they tried to leave Results Spanish – 500 killed US – 1 killed

20. The End of the War armistice (cease fire) agreed to in August 1898. armistice (cease fire) agreed to in August 1898. –around 3 and a half months after war started –around 3 and a half months after war started (short war!) Treaty of Paris officially signed in February 1899 Treaty of Paris officially signed in February 1899 –Cuba freed (what now?) –Guam (in Pacific) and Puerto Rico (in Carribean) become U.S. territories –Philippines bought for $20 million (debate started) Website has 8 min video Summarizing Sp. Am. War