1. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

2. Questions / Comments

3. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

4. Chapter 1 – Introduction to Flying FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 14 CFR Part 61 Subpart E

5. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

6. Forces of Flight What is the resultant force? Force 1 (465 N)Force 2 (465 N) Resultant is zero When opposing forces have the same magnitude and opposite directions, the resultant is zero and the object is in static equilibrium.

7. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

8. With the aircraft in a nose-high attitude, there is a vertical component of thrust that helps support it. During straight-and-level flight when thrust is increased and the airspeed increases, the AOA must be decreased in level flight. If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would climb. Thrust

9. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

10. Form drag is the portion of parasite drag generated by the aircraft due to its shape and airflow around it. Examples include the engine cowlings, antennas, and the aerodynamic shape of other components. Form Drag

11. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) Private pilot eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical requirements can be found in __________. 2) What occurs when the resultant force is stable or zero? 3) If the AOA were not coordinated (decreased) with an increase of thrust, the aircraft would do what ? 4) Define Form drag. 5) This type of drag refers to a change in the physical shape of the boundary layer which causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. What is it? Warm-Up – 10/15 – 10 minutes

12. This change in the physical shape of the boundary layer causes a dramatic decrease in lift and an increase in drag. When this happens, the airfoil has stalled. Skin Friction Drag

13. Questions / Comments

14.  October 15  1783 — The first man to ascend in a tethered balloon is French scientist Jean Pilatre de Rozier.  His hot-air Montgolfier balloon ascends to 84 feet — the length of the rope holding the balloon.

15.  October 15  1913 — Lieutenant Ronin makes the first official airmail flight in France.

16.  October 15  1927 — Capt. Dieudonne lands in Brazil becoming the first person to fly non-stop across the South Atlantic.  The 2,100-mile flight takes just over 18 hours.

17.  October 15  1939 — New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia dedicates an airport in Flushing bearing his name.  La Guardia airport is the costliest to build at the time, $45 million

18.  October 15  1955 — Douglas A4D “Skyhawk” sets a new closed course world speed record of 695.163 mph.

19.  October 15  1958 — The North American Aviation X-15 research aircraft is unveiled.

20. Questions / Comments

21. SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 1 Chapter 3 Lift Theories Wingtip Vortices 23 Chapter 3 Test Flight Simulator Syllabus 45 67 Chapter 4 Forces of Flight 89 Chapter 4 1011 Chapter 4 Quiz FltLine Friday Flight Simulator 12 131415 Chapter 4 Lift/Drag Ratio 1617 Chapter 4 Lift and Weight 1819 2021 Chapter 4 Quiz 1 st Quarter Grades 2223 Chapter 4 Wingtip Vortices 2425 No School 26 2728293031 October 2013

22. Questions / Comments

23. FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 TestResults

24.  2A Pilots (A – 93 & above)  Buchanan, Robert  Hetrick, Mark  Knuth, Logan  Morgan, Landon  Woodruff, Michael  2A Co-Pilots (B – 85 – 92)  Alvarez, Miguel  Davis, Mark  Fosnight, Sydney  Frazier, Noah  Lee, Daniel  Morgan, Jacob  Turner, Christain High Shooter (Score) 100%

25.  3A Pilots (A – 93 & above)  Nelson, Alex  3A Co-Pilots (B – 85 – 92)  Bingham, Jacob  Camacho, Ray  Lee, John  Yahres, Conner High Shooter (Score) 96%

26. Questions / Comments

27. Chapter 4 – Aerodynamics of Flight FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

28.  Mission:  Identify in writing the forces acting on an aircraft in flight.  Describe how the forces of light work and how to control them with the use of power and flight controls essential to flight.  Describe the aerodynamics of flight.  Describe in writing how design, weight, load factors, and gravity affect an aircraft during flight maneuvers.  EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly. Today’s Mission Requirements

29. Lift to Drag Ratio A ratio of L/D indicates airfoil efficiency. Higher L/D ratios are more efficient than those with lower L/D ratios. The L/D ratio is determined by dividing the CL by the CD. (CL/CD.)

30. Lift Equation Coefficient of Lift, C l –Determined experimentally –Combines several factors Shape Angle of attack Lift Direction of Flight Alternate format

31. Applying the Lift Equation The Cessna 172 takes off successfully from Denver, CO during an average day in May (22 O C) with a standard pressure (101.3 kPa). Assume that the take-off speed is 55 knots (102 kph). What is the minimum coefficient of lift needed at the point where the aircraft just lifts off the ground? The Cessna wing area is 18.2 m 2 and weight is 2,328 lb (1,056 kg).

32. Applying the Lift Equation Convert mass into weight Convert velocity

33. Applying the Lift Equation Calculate Air Density

34. Applying the Lift Equation Calculate coefficient of lift assuming that lift equals weight

35. Angle of Attack (AOA) Affects Lift Lift increases with AOA up to stall angle Lift Direction of Flight Airflow Lift Direction of Flight Airflow Lift Angle of Attack Stall

36. Critical Angle of Attack

37. Coefficient of Drag (C d ) Object shape affects C d

38. Drag Equation Coefficient of drag, C d –Determined experimentally –Combines several factors Shape Angle of attack Drag Direction of Flight Alternate format

39. Applying the Drag Equation The same Cessna 172 takes off under the same conditions as described earlier in this presentation. How much drag is produced when the wing is configured such that the coefficient of drag is 0.05?

40. Applying the Drag Equation Calculate drag

41. Lift to Drag Ratio

42. Note that the maximum lift/drag ratio (L/DMAX) occurs at one specific CL and AOA. If the aircraft is operated in steady flight at L/DMAX, the total drag is at a minimum. Any AOA lower or higher than that for L/DMAX reduces the L/D.

43. Questions / Comments

44. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1 3. List 3 things you learned today. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.