1. Weekly EQ: How did immigration and industrialization shape urban life?

2. CAUSES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION 1.Improved transportation and communication (infrastructure) 2.Growth of capitalism and entrepreneurs 3.New innovations and technology 4.New advertising and marketing techniques 5.Plentiful natural resources 6.Plentiful labor 7.Government support in the form of subsidies and lenient regulation

3. URBANIZATION -An urban area is characterized by higher population density and higher concentration of services compared to surrounding areas -New technologies → Growth of industry → Cities grew to accommodate new industries and industrial workers -Brought new jobs, new opportunities, new housing, and new transportation

4. -Use of mass-housing = tenements -Overcrowding → disease and epidemics -25% of children died before their 1st birthday -Lack of sewage systems HOUSING PROBLEMS

5. CRIME -Poverty and desperation breed crime -Urban vices were widespread -Gambling fed into hopes of getting rich quick -Prostitution provided supplemental income -Alcohol abuse served as a false means of escape -Unorganized and understaffed criminal justice systems

6. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION -Lack of sewage systems; sewage was emptied into bodies of water -Water supplies were inefficient and contaminated -Only 6% of the nation received filtered water -Deforestation to supply growing demands for lumber -Between 1869-1899, lumber production increased by 500% = destroyed the forests of Louisiana and Alabama -Poor air quality

7. POLITICAL CORRUPTION -Urban political machines ran local politics -Political parties bribed state legislatures to pass laws to increase the city’s power to tax, borrow, and spend -A leader builds public support by spending tax funds on charities, helping the poor, and funding construction projects in exchange for votes

8. MASSIVE IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION -Immigration - moving from one nation to another -1851-1860 = 9.7% -1861-1870 = 13.2% -1871-1880 = 14% -1881-1890 = 13.3% -1891-1900 = 14.7% -Migration - moving from one location in a country to another -Most immigrants moved to streets with other immigrants from the same home country, spoke the same language, and/ or practiced the same religion

9. -Add examples and statistics to your notes using the Nystrom Atlas -Use pages 68-69, 70-71, and 74-75 -Example: By 1890, the northeastern part of the country had several densely populated urban centers such as Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburg, and New York City (Franks et al. 75) PARTNER ACTIVITY