2. Early Stages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBPeCQzHu5w 1896- Plessy v. Ferguson – “separate-but-equal” 1909- NAACP – 1935-Norris v. Alabama (juries) – 1946-Morgan v. Virginia (segregated buses) – 1950-Sweat v. Painter (admit qualified African-American students) 1954-Brown v. Board of Education – Thurgood Marshall “… Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” -Chief Justice Earl Warren 1955-Rosa Parks

3. Movement Begins Increased Political Power – Supported the Democratic Party Push for Desegregation – Congress of Racial Equality – Sit-ins Southern Manifesto – Ruling threatened entire system of segregation – “massive resistance” – Assignment laws – 1956- 101 Senators “a clear abuse of judicial power” Montgomery Bus Boycott – Formed the Montgomery Improvement Association

4. Martin Luther King Pastor PhD. In theology from Boston University Non-violent passive resistance Disobey unjust laws Refused to be intimidated 1956- Alabama’s law was changed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU5gPKcsTlU &feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU5gPKcsTlU &feature=related Inspired by Gandhi's ideas

5. Spreading Ideas Churches – Forums – Meetings – Mobilized volunteers Southern Christian Leadership Council – Eliminate segregation – Vote

6. Eisenhower & Civil Rights Sympathized Felt that segregation had to end as values changed Publically refused to endorse Brown v. Board of Education “I don’t believe you can change the hearts of men with laws or decisions.” Send troops to the South

7. Little Rock Nine 1957 Governor Orval Faubus Armed forces of a state opposed the authority of the federal government – First time since Civil War President ordered the removal 1,000 of the elite 101 st Airborne Division arrived Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed Protect the voting rights of African-Americans Created a civil rights division Court injunctions to anyone interfering with the right to vote