1. NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentation without my permission and the permission of each of the authors of the photographs, quotes, and other materials that they contain. Thank you, Vicki Hughes Labs and Activities for this Presentation: Balloon Hair Christmas Lights and Batteries

2. ENERGY UNIT 3

3. Energy moves outward from the source until it is lost to the universe usually as heat.

4. POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY Potential Energy = energy due to position or condition

5. Law of Conservation of Energy = energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed. ACT L15 – only #1 and #4 are required. Bonus Points for #2 and #3!! EOG L7 ACT L15 – only #1 and #4 are required. Bonus Points for #2 and #3!! EOG L7

6. THERMODYNAMICS Thermal Energy = energy of moving particles Temperature = measure of average kinetic energy Heat energy moves from an area of hotter to an area of cooler until the entire area becomes equally warm.

7. What is Energy? The ability to cause a change in matter or the ability to do work.

8. Potential Energy = energy waiting to happen Kinetic Energy = energy in motion

9. Calculating Energy Gravitational Potential Energy (due to height): PE = mgh mass = 100 kg mass =200 kg height = 20 m height = 15 m gravity = 9.8 m/s/s PE of red ball = 100 kg x 9.8 m/s/s x 20 m = 19,600 Joules PE of blue ball = 200 kg x 9.8 m/s/s x 15 m = 29,400 Joules

10. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics = energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed. Cellular Respiration changes chemical energy to ATP and heat.

11. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics = some energy is always lost to the surroundings as heat.

12. Entropy = energy that cannot be used to do work.. The energy in this cup of coffee is being lost to its surroundings. It is adding to the entropy of the universe. The energy of the Sun is useful on Earth, but the energy of Earth is released into space where it is useless. ACT L16 #1 & 2 only.

13. Energy Resources & Environmental Impact Renewable = can be replaced or cannot be used up Nonrenewable = used faster than it can be replaced Fossil Fuels = our primary source of energy

14. Nonrenewable Fossil Fuels Coal = solid, made from fossilized plants Petroleum (crude oil) = liquid, made from fossilized sea organisms. Natural Gas = found along with petroleum.

15. Renewable Solar energy = photovoltaic cells changes sun energy into electricity. Wind energy = moving air turns turbines Hydropower = moving water turns turbines Biomass energy = living things used to create energy Geothermal energy = heat from mantle EOG L8

16. Using and Conserving Energy Resources 1950s = We provided our own energy resources (mostly coal). Now = We rely on fossil fuels (oil) from other countries. 1. ____ Na 3 PO 4 + ____ KOH  ____ NaOH + ____ K 3 PO 4 2. ____ NH 3 + ____ H 2 SO 4  ____ (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4

17. Lise Meitner worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. Meitner was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. Nuclear Power Nonrenewable

18. Nuclear Power uses fission of uranium atoms which are nonrenewable.

19. Nuclear Power The accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, was the worst in history. What happened at Chernobyl? http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=ends creen&v=BfKm0XXfiis&NR=1 The first minutes of Chernobyl http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyHvDhILYl 8

20. Roadrunner Energy Transformations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6e-KrNCe_E EOG L9