1. COLD WAR Foreign and domestic tensions and issues

2. Cold War, 1945-1991 A series of conflicts, compromises, and competitions between the capitalist US and the communist Soviet Union to influence other countries into allying with one side or the other A series of conflicts, compromises, and competitions between the capitalist US and the communist Soviet Union to influence other countries into allying with one side or the other

3. Satellite nations Countries in Eastern Europe under Soviet control Countries in Eastern Europe under Soviet control

4. containment Trying to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism Trying to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism

6. Baruch Plan, 1946 Call for special international agency with the authority to inspect any country’s atomic- energy plants Call for special international agency with the authority to inspect any country’s atomic- energy plants

7. Atomic Energy Act, 1946 Created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime use of atomic energy Created the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime use of atomic energy

8. Truman Doctrine, 1947 Policy of supporting people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures Policy of supporting people who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures

9. Marshall Plan, 1948 European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communism European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communism

10. Berlin Airlift, June 1948-May 1949 US, England, and France planned to combine their German zones US, England, and France planned to combine their German zones SU was angry and blocked all entry into Berlin SU was angry and blocked all entry into Berlin Western leaders airlifted food and supplies to Berlin for 10 months Western leaders airlifted food and supplies to Berlin for 10 months

12. NATO, 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance originally formed by democratic nations Military alliance originally formed by democratic nations Now includes some former Soviet bloc nations Now includes some former Soviet bloc nations

13. Warsaw Pact, 1955—Soviet response to NATO; USSR created a military alliance with other communist countries

14. China becomes Communist under Mao Zedong in 1949

15. Korean War US enters a war in Korea, 1950- 1953; country eventually divided along 38 th parallel between communist and anti-communist forces US enters a war in Korea, 1950- 1953; country eventually divided along 38 th parallel between communist and anti-communist forces

16. brinkmanship Using the threat of massive military retaliation Using the threat of massive military retaliation going to the brink of war in order to stop communism from spreading going to the brink of war in order to stop communism from spreading

17. CIA Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency Created in 1947 Created in 1947 Gathers information secretly Gathers information secretly Still active today Still active today

18. U-2 incident, 1960 Francis Gary Powers was shot down by the SU while spying Francis Gary Powers was shot down by the SU while spying Heightened tensions between the US and SU Heightened tensions between the US and SU

19. Meanwhile… On the Home Front…

20. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Investigated people who might be against the government, particularly communists Investigated people who might be against the government, particularly communists

21. Hollywood Ten, 1947 People in Hollywood who refused to testify before HUAC and were jailed and later blacklisted People in Hollywood who refused to testify before HUAC and were jailed and later blacklisted

22. Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Hiss—jailed in 1950 for supposedly being a Soviet spy and lying under oath Hiss—jailed in 1950 for supposedly being a Soviet spy and lying under oath Rosenbergs— executed in 1953 for selling secrets to the Soviets Rosenbergs— executed in 1953 for selling secrets to the Soviets

23. Internal Security Act, 1950 Communist Party members must register with the government Communist Party members must register with the government Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communists Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communists

24. Joseph McCarthy, 1950 Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Department Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Department Ruined many careers Ruined many careers

25. Hydrogen bomb 1952 (US), 1953 (SU) Much more powerful than the atomic bomb Much more powerful than the atomic bomb First test vaporized an entire island First test vaporized an entire island

26. Sputnik, 1957 First satellite launched into space First satellite launched into space By Soviet Union By Soviet Union Heightened the space race Heightened the space race

27. National Defense Education Act Passed in 1958 in response to Sputnik Passed in 1958 in response to Sputnik Money for training in science, math and languages Money for training in science, math and languages

28. NASA Established in 1958 Established in 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration

30. Other notable Cold War events Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959 Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972 Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991 Fall of the Soviet Union, 1991