2. 1.When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _____ her before. A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen 2.The news came as no surprise to me, for I _____ of it earlier. A. hear B. heard C. have heard D. had heard Have a try

3. The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. present past The past perfect tense shows us 过去的过去

4. Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake. PresentPast Carter’s lucky pet bird led Carter to the site Carter’s lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake.

5. The past perfect tense used in reported speech Present Past “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter. Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained They emptied the tomb of everything it contained Carter said that they had emptied the tomb

6. The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action. happen before I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.

7. used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already Carter opened King Tutankhamun’s tomb Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died. Lord Carnarvon died PastPresent

10. Amelia Earhart was born on 24th July 1897. She had an exciting childhood. Before she moved to Des Moines, she ⑴ _____already _____ her first aero plane. She ⑵ _______home again, back to Chicago, six years later. She worked as a nurse in the First World War and became interested in flying. She ⑶ ______ already _______ flying lessons before she bought her first plane. Then her interest in flying really began to grow. In 1929, she organized an air race for women. A year earlier, she ⑷ ______________ the first woman air passenger to fly across the Atlantic had seen moved had taken had become

11. She married George Putnam in 1931. They ⑸ _____________ three years before when he interviewed her in New York. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic. By 2nd June 1937, she ⑹ _____________her round-the-world flight. The flight went in June. She reached New Guinea on the 29th. She ⑺ _____________ flying nearly a month earlier. When base tried to contact Amelia at 9.30 p.m. 0n 2nd July 1937, she ⑻ _______ already ________ missing. had met had begun had start had gone

19. When the Titanic was built, people thought it would never sink. However, this passenger ship ⑴ __________(surprise) everyone when it sank on its first journey. The Titanic ⑵ ____________(build) in Belfast, Ireland. Its markers ⑶ _________(spend) a great deal of money building the ship. When it ⑷ _____________(finish), it was the largest and most comfortable ship ever built. The Titanic set sail on 10th April 1921. ‘I ⑸ _____________(want) to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,’ said Molly Brown, a Titanic survivor. ‘I never thought it would sink.’ On 13th April, the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York. surprised was built spent was finished had wanted

20. The captain ⑹ ______________(receive) warnings about icebergs all day, but had paid little attention to the warnings as they ⑺ __________(arrive). At 2.20 a.m., the Titanic sank into the sea. It ⑻ __________(hit) an iceberg just over two hours before. Of the 2,200 people on the ship, only 705 ⑼ ___________(survive). Explorer Robert Ballard ⑽ _____________(search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it. ‘When new technology was developed, we (11)________(use) it to send cameras down into sea. Finally, we found the ship.’ With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which______________(cause) it to fill with water and sink. had received arrived had hit had searched used had caused survived

21. Present perfect or past perfect? The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. e.g. Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. e.g. Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter's team began to fall ill and die strangely.

24. 蔡伦墓 ( 陕西省洋县东三十里龙亭铺 )

25. The inventor of paper Cai Lun is a famous Chinese inventor, known for inventing paper. Cai invented paper in AD 105, but ⑴ _____________many other times. Before his invention worked, Cai ⑵ ___________using many different parts of trees and plants, and old fishing nets to make paper! After Cai invented paper, people all over Asia used it. At that time in the West, no one ⑶ ___________of Cai or paper. They did not learn how to make paper until AD751. Westerners who ⑷ _____________several Chinese paper makers during a war told people in the West about Cai's invention. Once the paper makers ⑸ ___________ people how to make paper, it was used all over the world. had failed had tried had heard had caught had showen

26. 1. How long ___each other before they___ married? A. had they known, got B. have they known, get C. did they know, were going to get D. do they know, are going to get 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison _____ to make a living by himself. A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. She _____ Robert for a year. A. married B. married with C. has been married D. has been marred to

27. 4. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for about an hour. A. had gone B. had been away C. had set off D. had left 5. I ’ ll go with you as soon as I_____ my work. A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished 6. Doctors_____in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 7. We all agree that he was stronger than_________. A. I looked B. I was looked C. he looked D. he was looked

28. 8. Great change _____ in the city, ahd a lot of factories_______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. Do you think Sam will call his old teacher as soon as he________ in town? A. will be arrived B. is arrived C. arrive D. will arrive 10.That dinner was the most expensive meal we_______________. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had

29. Review the tenses we have learned. Finish the exercises on page 104.