1. 1 WAVES OF IMMIGRATION GETTING TO AMERICA IMMIGRATION CENTERS CHARTS ON IMMIGRANT STATISTICS

2. 2 WAVES OF IMMIGRATION  1815-1860----5 MILLION IMMIGRANTS MAINLY FROM ENGLAND, IRELAND, GERMANY, SCANDINAVIA, AND OTHER PLACES IN NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

3. 3 WAVES OF IMMIGRATION  1815-1860----5 MILLION IMMIGRANTS MAINLY FROM ENGLAND, IRELAND, GERMANY, SCANDINAVIA, AND OTHER PLACES IN NORTHWESTERN EUROPE  1865-1890----10 MILLION IMMIGRANTS MAINLY FROM NORTHWESTERN EUROPE

4. 4 WAVES OF IMMIGRATION  1815-1860----5 MILLION IMMIGRANTS MAINLY FROM ENGLAND, IRELAND, GERMANY, SCANDINAVIA, AND OTHER PLACES IN NORTHWESTERN EUROPE  1865-1890----10 MILLION IMMIGRANTS MAINLY FROM NORTHWESTERN EUROPE  1890-1914----15 MILLION IMMIGRANTS CAME FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE. THEY WERE AUSTRO- HUNGARIAN, TURKISH, LITHUANIAN, RUSSIAN, JEWISH, GREEK, ITALIAN AND ROMANIAN

5. 5 1800-1880s

6. 6 AFTER 1880s

7. 7 ADVERTISEMENTS FOR TRAVEL TO AMERICA

8. 8 COMING TO AMERICA

9. 9 STEERAGE: THE CHEAPEST WAY TO COME TO AMERICA

10. 10 SEASICK ON AN IMMIGRANT SHIP

11. 11

12. 12 ELLIS ISLAND IMMIGRATION CENTER, NEW YORK CITY

13. 13 WEST COAST IMMIGRATION CENTER, ANGEL ISLAND

14. 14 RISE OF MAJOR CITIES LOCATION OF MAJOR CITIES NEW INVENTIONS NEIGHBORHOODS ILLS OF NEW SOCIETY REACTIONS TO MASSIVE IMMIGRATION

15. 15 US CITIES WITH POPULATIONS OVER 10,000

16. 16 PROXIMITY TO RAW MATERIALS HELPED FUEL URBAN GROWTH

17. 17

18. 18 URBAN STREET SCENE EARLY 20 TH CENTURY

19. 19 NEW INVENTIONS MADE RAPID URBAN GROWTH POSSIBLE

20. 20 PASSENGER ELEVATOR MADE WORKING AND DOING BUSINESS IN TALL BUILDINGS MUCH EASIER ELISHA OTIS, INVENTOR OF THE FIRST PASSENGER ELEVATOR

21. 21 RAPID TRANSIT IN THE 19 TH CENTURY

22. 22 MASS TRANSPORTATION MOVES UNDERGROUND WITH THE FIRST SUBWAYS

23. 23 BROOKLYN BRIDGE

24. 24

25. 25 LATE 19 TH CENTURY SKYSCRAPER BY THE ARCHITECT LOUIS SULLIVAN

26. 26 URBAN PARK DESIGNED BY FREDERICK LAW OLMSTEAD

27. 27

28. 28 IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS IN NEW YORK CITY: LATER HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY

29. 29 HESTER STREET, NYC

30. 30 NEW IMMIGRANTS TENDED TO MOVE WHERE THEY KNEW PEOPLE FROM THE OLD WORLD

31. 31 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS KEPT IMMIGRANTS TIED TO THEIR RELIGION AND CULTURE

32. 32 THE WHOLE FAMILY WORKS TO MAKE ENDS MEET, 1908

33. 33 EDUCATION WAS NOT COMPULSORY AND MOST CHILDREN WORKED IN FACTORIES

34. 34 LACY (12 YEARS OLD) AND SAVANNAH ( 11 YEARS OLD) BALLARD. HAVE WORKED TWO YEARS. FATHER SAID, "THE LITTLE ONE IS A CRACKER-JACK ON SPINNING', AT LEAST SO THE BOSS SAYS. SHE AIN'T SATISFIED UNLESS IN THE MILL. THE OLDEST ONE ISN'T SO GOOD AT IT. NOT AS QUICK." (NOTE THE TENSE, SERIOUS LOOK ON THE YOUNGER GIRL ) GASTONIA, N.C., 1908 LIFE WAS ALSO HARD FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS

35. 35 PROBLEMS IN THE NEW CITIES

36. 36 UPTON SINCLAIR'S PORTRAYAL OF THE UNSANITARY CONDITIONS IN MEAT PACKING PLANTS LED TO THE PASSAGE OF THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG OF 1906

37. 37 POOR SANITATION

38. 38 POLITICAL MACHINES AND CORRUPT CITY BOSSES CONTROLLED CITIES TAMMANY HALL, NYC

39. 39 CARTOON ABOVE COMPARES TWEED’S EXCESSIVE THEFT TO THAT OF A MINOR BREAD THIEF

40. 40 REACTIONS TO INCREASED IMMIGRATION

41. 41 AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENT "THERE IS NO ROOM IN THIS COUNTRY FOR HYPHENATED AMERICANISM… SOME OF THE VERY BEST AMERICANS I HAVE EVER KNOWN WERE NATURALIZED AMERICANS, AMERICANS BORN ABROAD. BUT A HYPHENATED AMERICAN IS NOT AN AMERICAN AT ALL. THIS IS JUST AS TRUE OF THE MAN WHO PUTS ‘NATIVE’ BEFORE THE HYPHEN AS OF THE MAN WHO PUTS GERMAN OR IRISH OR ENGLISH OR FRENCH BEFORE THE HYPHEN… THE ONE ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN WAY OF BRINGING THIS NATION TO RUIN… WOULD BE TO PERMIT IT TO BECOME A TANGLE OF SQUABBLING NATIONALITIES… FOR AN AMERICAN CITIZEN TO VOTE AS A GERMAN-AMERICAN, AN IRISH- AMERICAN, OR AN ENGLISH-AMERICAN, IS TO BE A TRAITOR TO AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS; AND THOSE HYPHENATED AMERICANS WHO TERRORIZE AMERICAN POLITICIANS BY THREATS OF THE FOREIGN VOTE ARE ENGAGED IN TREASON TO THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC." -FORMER PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT, SPEECH BEFORE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS, 1915

42. 42 AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENT "THESE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPEANS ARE OF A VERY DIFFERENT TYPE FROM THE NORTH EUROPEAN WHO PRECEDED THEM… OUR TASK IS… TO ASSIMILATE AND AMALGAMATE THESE PEOPLES AS A PART OF OUR AMERICAN RACE, AND TO IMPLANT IN THESE CHILDREN, SO FAR AS CAN BE DONE, THE ANGLO-SAXON CONCEPTION OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, LAW AND ORDER AND POPULAR GOVERNMENT, AND TO AWAKEN IN THEM REVERENCE FOR OUR DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND FOR THOSE THINGS IN OUR NATIONAL LIFE WHICH WE AS A PEOPLE HOLD TO BE OF ABIDING WORTH." -E.P. CUBBERLEY, "CHANGING CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION, 1909

43. 43 THE CHINESE WERE THE FIRST GROUP OF IMMIGRANTS TO BE DENIED ENTRY INTO THE UNITED STATES

44. 44 INTENDED EFFECT OF THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1882