Cardiovascular & Lymphatic System Megan Thompson 02/05/09 Hour 5/6

Heart Attacks A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle itself (myocardium) is severely reduced or stopped. A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle itself (myocardium) is severely reduced or stopped. If the blood supply is cut off for more than a few minutes, muscle cells suffer permanent injury and die. If the blood supply is cut off for more than a few minutes, muscle cells suffer permanent injury and die. Some heart attacks are intense and sudden, like the “movie heart attacks.” Some heart attacks are intense and sudden, like the “movie heart attacks.” Most usually will come on slowly with moderate pain or discomfort. Most usually will come on slowly with moderate pain or discomfort.

Causes There are three risk factors that cannot be changed: increasing age, gender, heredity. There are three risk factors that cannot be changed: increasing age, gender, heredity. Risk factors that can be changed: smoking, not being physically active, drinking too much alcohol, and stress. Risk factors that can be changed: smoking, not being physically active, drinking too much alcohol, and stress. Most heart attacks are caused by a blockage in arteries. Usually the blockage is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits (called plaque) inside the artery. Most heart attacks are caused by a blockage in arteries. Usually the blockage is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits (called plaque) inside the artery.

Facts Heart attack is a leading killer of both men and women in the United States. Heart attack is a leading killer of both men and women in the United States. 1.5 million heart attacks occur in the United States each year with 500,000 deaths. 1.5 million heart attacks occur in the United States each year with 500,000 deaths. A heart attack occurs about every 20 seconds with a heart attack death about every minute. A heart attack occurs about every 20 seconds with a heart attack death about every minute. Sudden death is more common among women with heart attack. Sudden death is more common among women with heart attack. Almost 14 million Americans have a history of heart attack or angina. Almost 14 million Americans have a history of heart attack or angina.

Signs and Symptoms Chest discomfort, or pain Chest discomfort, or pain Upper body pain Upper body pain Stomach pain Stomach pain Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Anxiety Anxiety Sweating Sweating Nausea, Vomiting. Nausea, Vomiting.

Treatment “Time equals muscle.” The longer in delay for medical attention the more the heart muscle will be damaged. “Time equals muscle.” The longer in delay for medical attention the more the heart muscle will be damaged.. If you even suspect you're having a heart attack, don't hesitate. Immediately call 911 or your local emergency number. Call for emergency medical help. If you even suspect you're having a heart attack, don't hesitate. Immediately call 911 or your local emergency number. If your doctor has prescribed nitroglycerin, take as instructed while awaiting the arrival of emergency medical personnel. Take nitroglycerin. If your doctor has prescribed nitroglycerin, take as instructed while awaiting the arrival of emergency medical personnel.

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Lymphedema Lymphedema refers to swelling that occurs most often in your arms or legs. It may affect just one arm or leg, but sometimes lymphedema can involve both arms or both legs. Lymphedema refers to swelling that occurs most often in your arms or legs. It may affect just one arm or leg, but sometimes lymphedema can involve both arms or both legs. The swelling occurs when a blockage in your lymphatic system prevents the lymph fluid in your arm or leg from draining adequately. As the fluid accumulates, the swelling continues. The swelling occurs when a blockage in your lymphatic system prevents the lymph fluid in your arm or leg from draining adequately. As the fluid accumulates, the swelling continues.

Causes This means it can occur on its own (primary lymphedema) or it can be caused by another disease or condition (secondary lymphedema). This means it can occur on its own (primary lymphedema) or it can be caused by another disease or condition (secondary lymphedema). Primary lymphedema is a rare, inherited condition caused by problems with the development of lymph vessels in your body. Primary lymphedema is a rare, inherited condition caused by problems with the development of lymph vessels in your body. Secondary lymphedema is the condition or procedure that damages your lymph nodes or lymph vessels. Secondary lymphedema is the condition or procedure that damages your lymph nodes or lymph vessels.

Facts Areas affected by lymphedema are most commonly the extremities (arms or legs); however, lymphedema also affects the trunk, breast, abdomen, neck, head, and or genitals. Areas affected by lymphedema are most commonly the extremities (arms or legs); however, lymphedema also affects the trunk, breast, abdomen, neck, head, and or genitals. Lymphedema is a chronic condition that cannot be cured Lymphedema is a chronic condition that cannot be cured The swollen skin of untreated lymphedema is no longer flexible, hangs in folds, and frequently develops cracks or sores. The swollen skin of untreated lymphedema is no longer flexible, hangs in folds, and frequently develops cracks or sores.

Signs and Symptoms Lymphedema of the lower extremities begins with mild swelling of the foot and gradually extends to the entire limb. Lymphedema of the lower extremities begins with mild swelling of the foot and gradually extends to the entire limb. The edema is usually painless and initially may be pitting (compressible). The edema is usually painless and initially may be pitting (compressible). Over time the skin over the edema becomes brawny and non-pitting. There may also be pain from the swelling. Over time the skin over the edema becomes brawny and non-pitting. There may also be pain from the swelling.

Treatment Manual lymphatic massage techniques. Manual lymphatic massage techniques. Compression bandaging. Compression bandaging. Instruction in exercises to assist with the massage and fluid reduction techniques Instruction in exercises to assist with the massage and fluid reduction techniques Mechanical compression pumping to further encourage fluid reduction Mechanical compression pumping to further encourage fluid reduction Education regarding proper skin care and necessary precautions Education regarding proper skin care and necessary precautions

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