RNA Translation.

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Presentation transcript:

RNA Translation

Terms Codon: a series of 3 bases in DNA or mRNA that code for a single amino acid Anti-codon: a series of 3 bases in tRNA that is complementary to the codon

Translation Process by which the language of nucleic acids (bases) is changed into the language of proteins (amino acids) Occurs in the cytoplasm Divided into 3 parts: Initiation Elongation Termination

Initiation The large and small subunits of a ribosome attach to a strand of mRNA The first codon in a mRNA strand is AUG; this is known as the start codon The first tRNA with the anti-codon matching the AUG start codon (UAC) brings in the first amino acid--methionine

Elongation Another tRNA with a matching anticodon brings in another amino acid A peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids The ribosome moves down the mRNA chain one codon (3 bases) and a new tRNA can now bring in the next amino acid

Termination When the ribosome encounters a stop codon, a release factor is brought in instead of a tRNA The release factor causes the large and small subunits to release the mRNA strand The newly formed amino acid chain or protein is released into the cytoplasm

Termination (cont.) There are 3 different stop codons: UAA UAG UGA

Genetic Code The genetic code is universal, meaning that it is the same for all organisms EX: UGU will always code for the amino acid cysteine GUC will always code for valine

Redundancy There are 64 possible codons, yet there are only 20 amino acids This means that the genetic code is redundant, meaning that some amino acids have more than one codon that code for it EX: CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG all code for the amino acid leucine