U.S HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT REGENTS REVIEW POWER POINT 8 The Cold War

America’s Foreign Policy: Containment Containment: – US prevents the spread of communism by providing economic and military aid to countries at risk of falling under Soviet control – US wants countries to choose their own form of gov’t – USSR muscles other countries into becoming communit

The Truman Doctrine GB no longer had the resources to support other countries USSR supported communist rebellion in Greece and Turkey President Truman asked to send aid in an effort to contain communism

Marshall Plan Goal: prevent the spread of communism through all of Europe US provides money to war-torn countries in Europe Helps Europe to rebuild stronger economies – Key weapon against communism

Berlin and NATO Berlin Crisis – USSR blocked access to West Berlin in an attempt to dominate the entire city – US responds by airlifting supplies to West Berlin for 11 months North Atlantic Treaty Organization – 12 democratic nations working for collective security against the spread of communism

Korean War North Korea: USSR; South Korea: US; divided at 38 th parallel North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 in an attempt to unify the country under a communist regime UN approved the use of troops for the first time By 1953, war was at stalemate Cease fire reached 38 th parallel remains the line of division between North and South Korea

Effects of the Cold War at Home 2 nd Red Scare – House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): searched for communists in Hollywood – The Loyalty Program: security checks on gov’t employees – Hiss Case: one of FDR’s aids accused of being communist McCarthy Trials: in his attempt to root out communism in the gov’t, he ruined the careers of many gov’t officials – Rosenberg Trial: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg convicted of and executed for selling atomic secrets to USSR

Cold War Under Eisenhower Massive Retaliation: US relies on air and nuclear power to save money – Brinkmanship: ready to go to war to prevent communism from spreading Arms Race/Space Race: US and USSR competing with one another to have to strongest military and most advanced space program Domino Theory: if one Asian nation falls to communism, others will too Eisenhower Doctrine: US will aid Middle Eastern nations trying to fight communism

Attempts at Improved Relations with USSR Peaceful Coexistence: two superpowers live peacefully Poland and Hungary: USSR put down rebellion against communist regime; US unhappy Camp David: Khrushchev met with Eisenhower in US with great success U-2 Incident: US spy plane shot down over Soviet territory

Domestic Changes Americans had a greater access to money after WWII Effects of the Baby Boom – New Homes: bigger homes needed to accommodate larger families – Suburbanization: mass movement out of cities into suburbs Leaves cities with a large population of urban poor Interstate Highway Act: system of highways built in the US makes car travel easier