Skeletal & Muscular Systems 6th Grade with Mr. Springer Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Overview of the Unit Skeletal System Bones Connective tissues Types of joints Labeling bones Muscles of the Muscular System Types of muscles How/why muscles move Maintaining muscle Labeling muscles Caring for bones and muscles

How many bones does the human body have?? Part I: Skeletal System & Your Bones How many bones does the human body have?? The human body has 206 bones!

Why Do We Need A Skeleton? To provide support and protection for our organs, muscles and other body parts. Also… To help with three things: Make Blood Cells Store Calcium Store Minerals

What Bones Are Made Of Bones are a living part of your body (organs) made up of calcium and protein! Bones have layers: Outer layer to feed bones (periosteum has capillaries to nourish bones) Spongy Middle Tissue (shock absorption & flexibility) Marrow in the Middle (center of bones, creates blood cells) 5

Our Bones are all Connected… But how… Our bones meet and move together at a Joint! At the joint, the bones are held together by Ligaments! Ligaments are a connective tissue used to hold bones to other bones!

More about the joints! Bones are hard… If they rub against each other, it will hurt you, and your bones! …So how do they work at joints?? Joints have Cartilage to work as a middle man and smooth out the situation! Cartilage is strong, flexible tissue that cushions bones and supports soft tissue. It allows bones to move easily.

More about the joints! Hinge Joints- Moves in one direction like a door hinge. (The knee and elbow are hinge joints). Pivot Joints- The end of one bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. The joint can move up and down and from side to side. (Forearm). Gliding Joints- One part of a bone glides over another bone. Allowing a small range of sideways movement. (Foot and Hand bones). Ball and Socket Joint- The ball-shaped head of one bone moves inside the cup shaped socket of another. The joint moves in all directions. (Hip and shoulder). http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

Types of joints our bodies have! Hinge Gliding Pivot Joint Ball & Socket Click Pivot Joint for the link to the video on the pivot joint in the forearm moving. http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

Now Let’s Go Over the Bones! Cranium – Skull Clavicle – Collarbone Scapula – Shoulder Blade Sternum – Breastbone

More Bones to Cover… Humerus – Upper Arm Bone Ulna – Lower arm bone pinkie side Radius – Lower arm bone thumb side Carpals - Wrist Metacarpals – Hand Phalanges- Fingers and Toes 11

More Bones Continued… Femur – Thigh Patella- Kneecap Vertebra – Bones of the Spine Ribs – Chest bones, create a cage Pelvis – Hips; where legs connect at the top 12

Bones of the Spine 24 vertebrae make up your spine. http://www.allaboutbackpain.com/html/spine_general/spine_general_anatomy.html Spina Bifida, specifically anencephaly is when the undeveloped spine allows the spinal cord to protrude through the vertebra, allowing a fluid filled sac to protrude on surface of skin. 13

Are we really doing all 206?! Tarsals- Ankle Metatarsals- Foot Tibia – Shin Bone Fibula- Outside of the Ankle

Great site with pictures and more. http://www. teachervision. fen For the bones…. Do only a few at a time (4) and with a rhythm… Like a song. And repeat, repeat, repeat. With each word repetition, the students should touch the corresponding part of their body. Body Part Matching

How many Types of muscle does the human body have? Part II: The Muscular System How many Types of muscle does the human body have? The human body has three types of muscles!

Why Do We Need Our Muscles? To move our bodies and control our organs! Don’t forget… There are three kinds of muscle: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

The Three Types Defined Skeletal Muscle/ Striated is voluntary, meaning you control its movements! (Turning your neck). Smooth Muscle is involuntary, meaning you do not control its movements. (Body organs and vessels). As a curve ball… Mention how the diaphragm is a type of skeletal muscle… not smooth!!! It is neither voluntary or involuntary, being that it is controlled by the nervous system and can be either, dependant upon whether we are consciously or subconsciously breathing!! Very Interesting! Cardiac Muscle is involuntary, meaning you do not control its movements. (The heart).

One More Thing About Voluntary Muscles… Voluntary muscles move in two ways. Voluntary muscles either contract or relax. You are born with all the muscle fibers you will ever have! Throughout your life they just change in shape and size.

How Muscle is Made! Muscles are made of muscle fibers. Nerves in your body tell muscle fibers when to contract or relax. As a curve ball… Mention how the diaphragm is a type of skeletal muscle… not smooth!!! It is neither voluntary or involuntary, being that it is controlled by the nervous system and can be either, dependant upon whether we are consciously or subconsciously breathing!! Very Interesting! Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. Tendons are a connective tissue (like ligaments). They connect muscle to muscle or muscle to bone!

Muscles Move! Flexors – the pull muscles that lift things up! Ex. Your biceps bend your elbow! Extensors – the push muscles! Ex. Your Triceps unbend your elbow! As a curve ball… Mention how the diaphragm is a type of skeletal muscle… not smooth!!! It is neither voluntary or involuntary, being that it is controlled by the nervous system and can be either, dependant upon whether we are consciously or subconsciously breathing!! Very Interesting! 21

Muscles Moving Our Bodies Transverse, saggital, frontal

Fibers and Tendons Look at the Relaxed and Contracted Muscles, and the Tendons connecting them. What type of joint is this? Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres. Muscles are made of bundles of fibers!

Strength & Flexibility Principles Muscular Strength – Muscle’s ability to use maximum force against resistance. Ex: - pull-ups, push-ups Muscular Endurance – Muscle’s ability to use maximum force repeatedly over time. Ex: - pull-ups/push-ups (many repetitions) Compared to cardiovascular endurance 24

Strength & Flexibility Principles Cardiovascular Endurance – Respiratory system’s ability to perform at maximum over time. Ex: - ½ mile and 1 mile run Muscular Flexibility – The elastic (stretch) properties of muscles. (The range of motion at a joint without causing injury). Ex: - sit-and-reach Compared to cardiovascular endurance 25

What Maintains Muscles Exercise – to keep your systems fit and working properly Rest – proper amount of sleep at night to recover/repair your body and its energy Diet – proteins, carbohydrates and other nutrients Weight – healthy weight reduces stress on joints, muscles, and the heart Nutrients: water, protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins 26

Sedentary lifestyles 27

Important Muscles to Remember (1) Biceps- found in the upper arm Triceps- found in the back of upper arm Hamstrings- back of upper leg Gastrocnemius/Calves- back of lower leg Latissimus Dorsi- upper part of back, comes down in a v-taper Deltoids – Shoulder muscle Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres.

Important Muscles to Remember (2) 7. Pectoralis Major/Minor- Chest muscles 8. Abdominal muscles- stomach muscles 9. Gluteus Maximus- Muscles in rear-end 10. Quadriceps- front of leg 11. Trapezius- back of neck muscle (sternocleidomastoid video) Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres.

Gastrocnemius/ Calves Deltoids Trapezius Triceps Biceps Latissimus Dorsi Abdominal Muscles Pectoralis Major Gluteus Maximus Quadriceps Hamstrings Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres. Gastrocnemius/ Calves 31

Fun Facts You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning. Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks. Transverse, saggital, frontal

End of Skeletal & Muscular System! The End At this point, the students can watch the Human body pushing the limits movie if not already seen. Prepare for a short quiz followed by a lab in the weightroom! 33

Labeling Our Muscles Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres. 34

Labeling Our Muscles Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that move back and forth across each other to relax and contract via the movement of sarcomeres. 35

Labeling Our Muscles http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/science/human_muscular_system.php http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/page_01.htm http://www.infovisual.info/03/pano_en.html website with drawings of muscle clipart…

Labeling Our Muscles http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/science/human_muscular_system.php http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/page_01.htm website with drawings of muscle clipart…

Labeling Our Muscles http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/science/human_muscular_system.php http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/page_01.htm website with drawings of muscle clipart…

http://etc. usf. edu/clipart/galleries/science/human_muscular_system http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/science/human_muscular_system.php http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/page_01.htm website with drawings of muscle clipart… 39