Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics A brief overview.

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Newton’s Laws of Motion

Presentation transcript:

Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics A brief overview

Aristotle ( BC) Natural Motion All objects have internal homing instincts similar to those observed in animals

Galileo ( ) Law of Falling Bodies All bodies fall with a constant acceleration under gravity regardless of mass

Kepler ( ) Laws of Planetary Motion Planetary orbits are elliptical

Isaac Newton ( ) 1661: Entered Trinity College, Cambridge 1665: Received his Bachelor’s Degree. University closed due to Plague. Re-opened : Awarded Masters degree

Law of Universal Gravitation

W = m x g W = weight (N) m = mass (kg) g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2 ) Acceleration due to gravity of falling body on Earth (excluding effects of air resistance) is, on average, 9.8 m/s 2 This value is often rounded off to 10 m/s 2

Principia (1669)

Lucasian Professor of Mathematics (Cambridge)

Newton’s Scientific Achievements Law of Universal Gravitation Laws of Motion Advances in Optics - studies of colour & light Constructed the first reflecting telescope in 1668 Calculus

Newton’s 1 st Law An object that is at rest will stay at rest until an unbalanced force acts upon it. An object that is in motion will not change its velocity until an unbalanced force acts upon it.

Newton’s 2 nd Law A body will accelerate with acceleration proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass F = m x a F = Net Force (N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s 2 )

Momentum p = m x v p = momentum (kg.m/s) or (N.s) m = mass (kg) v = velocity (m/s)

Momentum Can be defined mathematically. Is a vector because it has magnitude as well as direction. When bodies collide, momentum is transferred. In any collision, momentum is conserved.

Law of Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of a system is the same before a collision as after. m 1 u 1 + m 2 u 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2

Impulse Is defined as the change in momentum experienced by a body. Δ p = m x Δ v Δ p = F x Δ t

Newton’s 3 rd Law Every action has a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

Newton’s 3rd Modelled

Some weblinks …. Crash Test Results NASA movie ‘Orville and Wilbur Wright’ Newton’s Laws and Flight Space Shuttle launches NASA Apollo 11 Mission NASA TV