6. Name the 2 structures that are involved in mechanical digestion. 7. Name & state the functions of digestive enzymes for carbohydrates, proteins & fats. 8. State the functions of glucose, fats & amino acids in the body. 9. Define the terms essential fatty acid, essential amino acid & vitamin. 10. Describe the functions of major vitamins & minerals in the body.

 Mouth  Stomach  #docid= #docid=  # #  #docid= #docid=  S0 S0

 Salivary amylase acts on starch to produce maltose  Pepsin in stomach’s gastric juices acts on protein to form peptides  Pancreatic amylase digests starch  Trypsin & chymotrypsin digests protein  Lipase digests fats

 Mitochondria use glucose to produce a constant supply of ATP for the cell  Essential fatty acids like Ω 6 (linoleic acid) form plasma membranes  Essential amino acids are used to construct proteins such as enzymes to carry out metabolism, & body structures – hair, nails, DNA

 Essential refers to the fact that our body can’t make them so we must eat foods that contain them

 Fat soluble (A,D,E,K) – specialized functions  A synthesis of visual pigments  D helps regulate calcium 7 phosphorus metabolism  E is an antioxidant  K required to form prothrombin (for blood clotting)  Water soluble (C, B complex) – catalysts to speed up specific reactions  Minerals – macronutrients & micronutrients – specific functions table 15.5 p 315