1. Review of Unit 4: Digestive and Excretory Systems!

2. Study tool…. Flash cards!
Cardiac Sphincter
Keeps food in stomach from going into esophagus
What are the names/functions of the parts of the digestive system?
What different enzymes are at work in the digestive system?
What kinds of mechanical digestion are at work?
What do Insulin and Glucagon do and how do they do it?
Salivary Amylase
In mouth,
made by salivary glands
Starch  Maltose `
Insulin
LOWERS blood glucose
Stores glucose as glycogen
Makes cells take in glucose

3. The Digestive System
Name the structure!
What is it’s function?

4. Review of Chemical Digestion
Enzyme
What it does
What makes it
Where it works
Starch  maltose
Mouth
Stomach
Fats  glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Pancreatic Amylase
Proteins  peptides
Small Intestine
Maltose  Glucose
Peptidase

5. Review of Chemical Digestion – ANSWERS!
Enzyme
What it does
What makes it
Where it works
Salivary Amylase
Starch  maltose
Salivary glands
Mouth
Pepsin
Proteins  peptides
Stomach
Lipase
Fats  glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Pancreatic Amylase
Trypsin
Maltase
Maltose  Glucose
Peptidase
Peptides  Amino Acids

6. How Carbohydrates are broken down... Fill in the blanks!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Carbohydrate (Starch)
Teeth break it into smaller pieces
Mouth
Muscles break it into smaller pieces
Small Intestine
Maltase breaks it into Glucose

7. How Carbohydrates are broken down... Answers!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Carbohydrate (Starch)
Teeth break it into smaller pieces
Mouth
Salivary Amylase breaks it into maltose
Muscles break it into smaller pieces
Stomach
Pancreatic Amylase breaks it into maltose
Small Intestine
Maltase breaks maltose it into glucose
Enzymes are in bold
Types of Mechanical digestion are in RED
Types of Chemical digestion are in BLACK

8. How Proteins are broken down... Fill in the blanks!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Protein
Mouth
Muscles break it into smaller pieces
Stomach
Small Intestine
Peptidase breaks peptides into amino acids

9. How Proteins are broken down... Answers!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Protein
Teeth break it into smaller pieces
Mouth
Muscles break it into smaller pieces
Stomach
Pepsin breaks proteins into peptides (chains of amino acids)
Trypsin breaks proteins into peptides (chains of amino acids)
Small Intestine
Peptidase breaks peptides into amino acids

10. How Lipids are broken down... Fill in the blanks!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Fat (Lipids)
Teeth break it into smaller pieces
Stomach
Small Intestine

11. How Lipids are broken down... Answers!
Type of Food
How it is broken
Where it is broken
Fat (Lipids)
Teeth break it into smaller pieces
Mouth
Muscles break it into smaller pieces
Stomach
Bile breaks fat into smaller drops
Small Intestine
Lipase breaks fats into a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

12. How to control your blood sugar...
If Glucose is HIGH
If Glucose is LOW
Insulin will go...
Glucagon will go...
Situations when this could happen:
Insulin will go...
Glucagon will go...
Situations when this could happen:

13. How to control your blood sugar... Answers!
If Glucose is HIGH
If Glucose is LOW
Insulin will go... UP
Glucagon will go... DOWN
Situations when this could happen:
Just after eating a meal
(Any time when you are GETTING glucose from food)
Insulin will go... DOWN
Glucagon will go... UP
Situations when this could happen:
When you have not eaten for a while
During exercise
(Any time when you are USING glucose for energy)

14. The Urinary System
Name the structure!
What is it’s function?

15. Name the part of the nephron! What happens in that part?
What does ADH do to the nephron?
ADH acts on:
ADH makes you:
If ADH is high…
If ADH is low…

16. Name the part of the nephron! What happens in that part?
What does ADH do to the nephron?
ADH acts on: the distal tubule and collecting duct
ADH makes you: reabsorb more water into the blood (pee less water out)
If ADH is high… less urine produced (more water in the blood)
If ADH is low… more urine produced (less water in the blood)