MOTHERBOARD GROUP-6 Rohith Kumar Narmada Kusuma Gayathri Unni VaishnavI

History All peripherals and other parts of a computer were printed on separate individual boards and connected by hundreds or even thousands wires on a backplane. In 1981 IBM “planar” Breadboard was the first motherboard used in a PC, chips were wired together and in housed RAM and CPU with supplier parts and keyword/cassette tapes. By the late-1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all.

What is a Motherboard? The motherboard is a printed circuit board (PCB) and is responsible for housing all the important components of your computer system. It also known as the mainboard or logicboard. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Why is a motherboard necessary? It distributes power to all components like heart pumps blood to all organs. It facilitates communication between the components like the nervous system. It is the skeletal system that is helpful in holding all the computer’s parts together. It is therefore the most important component of your system and the final arbiter of whether you can plug your latest devices and other add-on cards and have them working fine.

Parts of Motherboard CPU socket RAM slots ROM bios CMOS battery Chipset North Bridge South Bridge AGP port, IDE port, SATA,Floppy disk port I/O connectors, USB ports SMPS

Block diagram of modern motherboard

How to choose a Motherboard ??? When picking a motherboard What is the form factor of motherboard we use What type of processor socket does the motherboard use What type of BIOS does the motherboard use What is the chipset technology motherboard use Does the board fit in the case you plan to use

Motherboards can be choose in two ways: By processor socket type By form factor Motherboards by Processor Socket Type A computer’s microprocessor determines the speed and computing power of the computer and is one of the major deciding factors when buyers are comparing different models.

Socket TypeFeaturesProcessors Supported A (464) 462 pins, 100 to 200 MHz bus speeds AMD, Duron pins, 66 to 133 MHz bus speeds Intel Pentium III, Celeron pins, 100 to 200 MHz bus speeds Pentium 4, 4EE, M T 775 pins, 1600 MHz bus speed Intel Core 2 Duo, Xeon pins, 200 to 1000 MHz bus speeds AMD family AM3 941 pins, 200 to 3200 MHz bus speeds AMD Phenom II, Athlon II H 1156 pins, bus speed of 2.5 GT/s (gigabytes per second) Intel Core i3, i5, i7

Motherboards by Form factor The form factor determines the general layout, size, and feature placement on a motherboard. Motherboard TypeDimensions ATX 12" long x 7.5" wide, mainly meant for Intel processors Full AT 12" long x 11" wide Baby AT 10" long x 8.5" wide, meant for classic Pentium processors

Motherboards by Form factor

Desktop motherboard v/s Laptop motherboard Main board, multiprocessor board or system board. Main focus is reliability. More slots, sockets, ports, CPU sockets. More memory capacity, the processor speed, expansion capability and bus speed. multiple connections for hard drives. Server motherboard Easier to upgrade components like video card, sound card as compared to laptops. More expansion slots than in laptops. For some laptop motherboards you can only expand memory capacity if you buy memory stick from the same manufacturer.

Latest market updates Today motherboards are used in mobiles, PC, laptop and gaming. All the leading motherboard manufacturing companies like Intel, AMD, Asus etc bringing changes in  Chipset,  PCI-x slots,  ATX power connector,  Ethernet port to give more advanced motherboards to its clients. Want to know which is the latest motherboard???

As per records of june 2015 MSI Z97I AC –Mini ITX is the latest motherboard o Gaming motherboard o 4th & 5th gen Intel i3/i5/i7 processors for LGA 1150 socket o DDR MHz o 2 BIOS o Killer Ethernet o Multi GPU o Intel Wireless display o Fast boot o Sound Blast o Gaming device port Worlds 1st PCI-E Gen 3 motherboard with ultra high 32 GB/sec transfer bandwidth AS Rock showed low cost X99 motherboard

KILLER

Latest Technology Updates Latest technology updates can be categorized based on: o Number of cores in processor o PCI-E lanes o Chipset o Form factor o Socket size o Number of DRAM slots

PICO ITX SBC –PICO 880 Palm sized motherboard going to release in Q4 of 2015compact pico ITX 14 nm onboard 5th gen Intel core i7/i5/i3/celeron processor. SPECIFICATIONS  Full size PCI-E mini card slots with mSATA support  4 USB 3.0,USB 2.0  LED display port  DDR 3L (up to 8GB capacity)  10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet port  LVD display interface  Intel HD graphics 5500 &6000 that delivers ultra HD display  Additional boards supporting USB 3.0,HDMI,VGA,LAN ports  RUNS on Windows 7,8.1

USES: Vehicle PCs Media entertainment systems Industrial automation system Medical imaging Gaming IOT(Internet Of things) ADVANTAGES: Rich I/O, High Computing power, Great Graphics Enhanced Performance, Multitasking ADVANCED FEATURES: 24 bit single/dual channel Requires +12 v DC power supply as input Wide temperature range from -20 to +70 Celsius

How to select a Motherboard ??? As motherboard is a vital component of PC so picking a right one is really necessary. Things to be taken care before choosing a motherboard: 1.The motherboard CPU socket should match with the CPU’s socket. 2.The motherboards form factor should be supported by the case for it to fit i.e. cabinet. 3.The motherboard’s BIOS should be compatible with the selected CPU. 4.The RAM frequencies and voltages on stock frequencies should be equal to motherboards specified frequencies and voltages.

Things to be taken care after choosing a motherboard: 1.CHIPSET:If any damage occurs to the chipset the motherboard is not going to work at all. 2.Capacitors,VRM should not receive damage. 3.BATTERY:remove it while assembling your PC or upgrading it. 4.Faulty BIOS settings can cause motherboard or other component to act improperly. Things that decrease motherboards life: Dust, poor airflow, expose to moisture, unstable or improper power supply, overheated CPU using for higher periods

Average life span of motherboard: 5 years Worst conditions:1-2 years If you maintain properly: 6+ years How to increase life span of motherboard?? The best way is: Apply dust filters from every place in cabinet/chasis/case Add more for airflow issues Unstable or improper power issues have no precautions but good control can avoid it. NOTE: Select your motherboard and CPU at the same time.

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