Chapter 1, Section 3 Elements

Elements  elements are pure substances  organized by properties on periodic table  each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element  usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)  Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum  Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum

Periodic Table  Groups also called families vertical columns numbered 1  18 have similar chemical properties  Periods horizontal rows properties changes consistently across a period

Periodic Table

 two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide series  these rows fit after #57 and #89  they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smaller

Types of Elements  Metals an element that is a good conductor of electricity at room temperature, most are solids malleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheets ductile- can be made into wire high tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white luster

Metals  Some metals are very brittle Bismuth and Manganese  Some metals are malleable and ductile Copper and Iron  Most metals have a silvery or grayish white luster. Two exceptions Copper Gold

Types of Elements Nonmetals – an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity – many are gases at room temperature Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine – some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable Carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine

Types of Elements Metalloids – an element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals – appear along zig-zag line between the metals and nonmetals – B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te – all are solids at room temperature – less malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetals – are semiconductors

Types of Elements  Noble Gases generally unreactive gases in far right column of periodic table