NorthSouth

The Union Plan: The Anaconda Plan 1)Blockade the coast 2)Cut the South in two at the Mississippi 3)Attack from both the east and West

The Confederate Plan: 1)Hope the North gets tired and gives up 2)Hope that Great Britain helps out because they wanted cotton 3)Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life

July 16 – 22, 1861 First official battle Confederate Victory ~ 2,000 CSA deaths ~ 3,000 USA deaths

September 17, 1862 No clear winner Britain decides to back out ~ 1,546 CSA deaths ~ 2,108 USA deaths Battle of Antietam: What's in a name? The Battle of Sharpsburg or the Battle of Antietam? Many battles fought during the American Civil War are referred to by different names. The reason for this is that the Confederate Army named battles after nearby towns, farms or even railroad junctions, this example is Sharpsburg. The Union Army often named battles after close natural resources like rivers or creeks, as in Antietam Creek.

July 1 – 3, 1863

Atlanta Campaign May to September 1864

March to the Sea – TOTAL WAR From November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this “March to the Sea” was to frighten Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. Sherman’s soldiers did not destroy any of the towns in their path, but they stole food and livestock and burned the houses and barns of people who tried to fight back. The Yankees were “not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people,” Sherman explained; as a result, they needed to “make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.” "I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton."

The Emancipation Proclamation It was an executive order that freed slaves in the Confederate states and permitted their service in the Union Army and Navy. This helped the North win the Civil War. On September 22, 1862 President Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation. He wrote: "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Confederate States did not obey this – because Lincoln was not the president of their country.

Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg National Cemetery was dedicated by President Abraham Lincoln a brief four months after the Battle. Lincoln's speech lasted only two minutes, but it went into history as the immortal Gettysburg Address. "Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war...testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated... can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate...we cannot consecrate... we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us...that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion... that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain... that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom... and that government of the people...by the people...for the people... shall not perish from the earth. "

Confederate soldiers would have to turn in their rifles, but they could return home immediately and keep their horses or mules. They were also given food as many of them were very hungry. The two Generals, Lee and Grant, met on April 9, 1865 to discuss the surrender of Lee's army. General Grant came and met Lee at the McLean house in Appomattox. General Grant and the Union Army had the Confederates surrounded. The Confederates were low on supplies, many soldiers were deserting, and they were greatly outnumbered. Upon looking at the conditions and the odds, General Lee felt he had no choice but to surrender. Surrender at Appomattox

Effects of the war