Grammar – Unit 16 Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) Hello and welcome to this Grammar session on Past Perfect Continuous tense.

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A - action which started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. Example Set B - action that occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C - comparison between present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set D - comparison between past continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set E - verbs that are not normally used in continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. Example Set B for the action that occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set D for comparison between past continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Learning Objectives Past Perfect continuous ( I had been doing) Is used for action that started and continued up until another time Action that occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Comparison between Present Perfect continuous and Past Perfect Continuous. Comparison between Past Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous. Verbs that are not used in the continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Example Set A - The action that occurred in the past and continued up until another time in the past. Study this example situation: Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining, but the ground was very wet. It had been raining. It was not raining when I looked out of the window; The sun was shining. But it had been raining before. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Continue.. Had been –ing is the past perfect continuous: I/we/you/they He/she/it had (= I’d etc.) (= he’d etc.) been Doing working Playing etc. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Continue.. Some more examples: When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. They’d been fighting. I was very tired, when I got home. I’d been working hard all day. When I went to Madrid a few years ago, I stayed with a friend of mine. She’d been living there only a short time but knew the city very well. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. Example Set B for the action that occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set D for comparison between past continuous and past perfect continuous. Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Example Set B You can say that something had been happening for a period of time before something else happened: We’d been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily. George went to the doctor last Friday. He hadn’t been feeling well for some time. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until something happened in the past, Example Set B for the action which occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between Present perfect continuous and Past perfect continuous. Example Set D for comparison between Past continuous and Past perfect continuous Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in the continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Example Set C Compare have been –ing (present perfect continuous) and had been –ing (past perfect continuous): Present perfect continuous past perfect continuous I have been -ing I had been -ing past now past now I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been At last the bus came. I’d been waiting waiting for 20 minutes. (before now) for 20 minutes. before the bus came) James is out of breath. He has been James was out of breath. He had been running. running. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until something Example Set B for the action that occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between Past perfect continuous and Past perfect continuous Example Set D for comparison between Past continuous and Past perfect continuous. Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in the continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Example Set D Compare was –ing (past continuous) and had been –ing: It wasn’t raining when we went out. The sun was shining. But it had been raining, so the ground was wet. Cathy was sitting in an armchair resting. She was tired because she’d been working very hard. Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Agenda Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until something happened in the past, Example Set B for the action which occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between Present perfect continuous and Past perfect continuous Example Set D for comparison between Past continuous and Past perfect continuous. Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in the continuous. Past Perfect Continuous

Example Set E – Verbs that are normally not used in the continuous Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in the continuous: We were good friends. We had known each other for years. (not had been knowing) Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Summary Learning Objectives Example Set A for the action which started in the past and continued up until something happened in the past, Example Set B for the action which occurred for a period of time before something else happened. Example Set C for comparison between Present perfect continuous and Past perfect continuous Example Set D for comparison between Past continuous and Past perfect continuous. Example Set E for the verbs that are not normally used in the continuous. Past Perfect Continuous