 APUSH 1

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 Dutch o Were a major naval and trade challenger of the British in the 1600’s o They were the only county to challenge the British in the Atlantic Led to three major Anglo-Dutch wars 3

 New Netherlands o Founded in the Hudson River area by the Dutch in 1623 o Established by the Dutch West Indies Company to make a quick profit in fur trading Company did not pay much attention to the colony o Dutch purchased the island of Manhattan for pennies per acre from the Natives 4

 New Amsterdam o Began the largest city in the New Netherlands o Was a company town run in the interests of the stockholders o There was little interest paid to Religious toleration Free speech Democracy 5

 New Amsterdam o Governors were appointed by the company and were autocratic o Religious dissenters (those who did not follow the Dutch Reformed Church) were persecuted Including groups like the Quakers o There was a local assembly that lacked any real power Instituted only after repeated protests by the colonists 6

 New Amsterdam was o Run was by aristocrats Patroonships (feudal estates) were given to promoters who would settle 50 people on them o A cosmopolitan city from its inception Had a large and diverse population with many different languages 7

 New Sweden o The Swedes attempted to gain a foothold in the New World by establishing New Sweden (a small colony near New Netherlands) in the mid 1600’s o The Dutch under Governor Peter Stuyvesant launched an attack on the Swedes in 1655 The Swedes unprepared for an attack quickly surrendered and were absorbed into New Netherlands 8

 New Netherlands becomes a British Royal Colony o In 1663, the King of England Charles II granted New Netherlands to his brother the Duke of York o When the British soldiers arrived in 1664, Stuyvesant was forced to surrender without firing a shot o The colony was renamed New York o The British had regained supremacy in the Atlantic and gained a large deep strategic harbor 9

 Though the British changed the name and took control, much of New York retained a Dutch feel o Names of boroughs and neighborhoods remained unchanged Harlem, Brooklyn o Many notables families were descended from Dutch stock Roosevelt o Many traditions remained Santa Claus, Easter Eggs, sleighing, skating, bowling, waffles 10

 Would be a haven for Quakers o Quakers were known to “quake” during their intense religious practices o They offended many of the religious and secular leaders in Britain The refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England They refused to show deference to the Upper English classes They would not take oaths They were pacifists 11

 Founded by William Penn o Became a Quaker after serving in the military o Was granted a charter by the King in 1681 to establish a colony Was payment for a debt the King owed to Penn’s father Would be called Pennsylvania 12

 Penn hired paid agents to find settlers for his colony o The pamphlets describing the colony were very honest for the period o Many were drawn by the liberal land policy 13

 Penn and the Natives o Unlike other colonies, Penn did not take the natives land but paid them for it o Penn’s colonist did not carry weapons Quakers were pacifists Led to very good early relations with the natives o Other non-Quaker colonist weren’t as friendly and thus the efforts of the Quakers to befriend the natives were harmed 14

 Government o Representative assembly was elected by landowners o There was no tax-supported church o Freedom of worship was initially guaranteed to all They were forced by the King to deny Jews and Catholics the right to vote and hold office o Only made two crimes were capital offenses Treason and murder There were over 200 capital crimes in England 15

 Pennsylvania Society o Attracted many different types of people Misfits and castoffs from other colonies Many different ethnic groups o Had no provision for military defense o No restrictions on immigration o No slavery o Had “Blue Laws” No stage plays Cards Dice Excessive hilarity 16

 In 1664, the Duke of York granted an area of land near New York to a group of English aristocrats  The area was to be know as New Jersey o Was populated by many New Englanders who were in search of better farmland  An official charter was given in

 Named for Lord De La Warr o Harsh military Governor from Virginia  Was closely associated with Pennsylvania  Was granted its charter and own assembly in 1703  Remained under the nominal control of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution 18

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 In 1663 a charter was given to eight supporters of King Charles II o The colony originally included the future colonies of North Carolina and Georgia o the colony developed strong economic ties to the West Indies They colony captured and exported about 10,000 natives to work on the West Indies plantations 20

 Port of Charles Town o Name for King Charles II o Quickly became the busiest port in the Southern colonies o Was known for its “aristocratic” feel o Was religiously tolerant and thus attracted a widely diverse population 21

 Rice o Quickly became the primary export of the Carolinas o Was still an exotic food in England Had been grown primarily in Africa, so Carolina planters imported West African slaves to work the fields These slaves could work in swampy areas without contracting malaria, thus they were extremely valuable By 1710, slaves out numbered whites in the Carolina colony 22

 Indigo o Was the second primary crop of the Carolinas o Was used primarily as a dye for woven goods 23

 The emergence of North Carolina o The northern part of the Carolina colony shared a border with Virginia Va. was dominated by aristocratic planters Those without land began to migrate to the northern part of the Carolina colony to find land and freedom 24

 North Carolina o The Va. Transplants were mainly poor farmers with little need for slaves o The were religious dissenters who did attend the Church of England and were in fact not very religious at all o The developed a strong sense of resistance to authority o In 1712, North Carolina officially became their own colony 25

 The chief purpose in creating Georgia was to establish a “buffer” colony between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida o The colony of Georgia was given subsidies from the British government to protect the Carolinas 26

 Was founded in 1733, the last of the original 13 colonies  Named in honor of King George II  Was lead by James Oglethorpe o Who had certain ideas about how his colony would be setup and run 27

 Oglethorpe hoped to create a colony that o Forbid alcohol o Forbid slavery o Would export silk and wine o Would be a haven for debtors Few of these things would ever come to pass 28

 Port City of Savannah o Was a planned city o Became the hub of Georgia commerce o Was a diverse community o Was home to Christian missionaries who worked among the Indians John Wesley 29