Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter states of matter: the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, plasma, & Bose-Einstein condensate solid: the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed - particles of a solid are packed close together and vibrate in place - there are two kinds of solids: crystalline (these have an orderly 3D pattern of particles like diamonds) and amorphous (these have no particular pattern of particles like glass)
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter liquid: the state of matter that has a definite volume, but not a definite shape - particles in liquids move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them - liquids can change shape, but do not change volume easily surface tension: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize the area of the surface
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter - water forms spherical drops & gasoline forms flat drops due to different surface tensions viscosity: the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow - honey has a higher viscosity than water because its molecules have a stronger attraction
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter gas: a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape - particles in gases have less attraction between them and therefore can be compressed to push the particles closer together
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter plasma: a form of matter similar to gas, but with ionized particles (a loss or gain of electrons due to extreme heating) - plasma does not have a definite volume or shape and reacts strongly to electromagnetic fields - plasma is the most abundant state of matter in the Universe!
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter Bose-Einstein condensate: a form of matter formed near absolute zero when atoms begin to come apart and clump together into one “super atom” - only form of matter with basically no energy and is the least abundant state of matter in the Universe
Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter this is the order of the states of matter based upon their abundance in the Universe: 1. plasma 2. gas 3. solid 4. liquid 5. Bose-Einstein condensate