Chapter 6: Expanding Horizons 6.1 Notes: Early Explorations

Warm-Up World Map Exercise

Where in the world… Locate these important chapter 6 places on your map! Cape of Good Hope Straight of Magellan Brazil Peru West Indies Portugal India Spain North America Mexico

What was the Age of Exploration? A time when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world. Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, and navigation made exploration possible.

Photo Analysis #1

Why Explore? Merchants sought a profitable trade with Asia. – Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg were used as perfume, cosmetics, medicine, and to flavor/preserve meat. The church wanted to spread Christian teachings. Learning and imagination.

New Technology Open water ocean sailing required new tools so that ships could travel beyond sight of land for extended periods. Sailors began to learn how to use the position of the sun and stars to navigate beyond sight of land. – Compass: Determined the direction a ship was sailing. – Mariner’s Astrolabe: Determined the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude of the sun or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.

New Tech (Continued) Cartographer’s (Mapmakers)skills improved into the 1300s. – Mediterranean coastline now shown with greater accuracy. Navigation maps by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy reappear in Europe – His grid system of latitude and longitude lines gave Europeans a new picture of the world. Ship design improves – Ships can now sail against the wind because of triangle-shaped lateen sails. – Multiple masts and sails(3-4) were added and made travel faster. – Up to 65 feet long and could carry 130 tons New ships called caravels incorporated all these improvements! – Caravels drew little water and allowed explorers to venture up shallow inlets and rivers in order to make repairs to the ship. – Carried new weapons: muskets and cannons.

Caravel

Christopher Columbus Columbus leaves with three ships Lands in the Bahamas but believes he found India – Names inhabitants “Indians” – Islands became known as West Indies – Discovers a new route for spices…business!

Photo Analysis #2 List three details from the picture What is the message that the illustrator is trying to get across?

Prince Henry the Navigator Son of King John I of Portugal Brought together the best mapmakers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation. Sponsored Portuguese exploratory voyages to the Atlantic and down Africa’s west coast to find spices. Discoveries became the foundation of the Portuguese Empire.

Bartholomeu Dias Found the southern tip of Africa, later named the Cape of Good Hope (1488). Found route to the Indian Ocean. Proved that ships could reach East Asia by sailing around Africa.

Vasco de Gama Sailed from Portugal and landed in India in The expedition rounded the Cape of Good Hope and made stops at trading centers along the coast of Africa. Found Hindus and Muslims trading fine silk, porcelain, and spices. Faster trade route from Europe to India and East Indies.

Ferdinand Magellan Was credited as the first to circumnavigate (circle) the globe. Killed in the Philippines and his crew finished the voyage without him. Voyage proved that: – The world was round. – The world was larger than anyone had previously believed. – Oceans of the world are connected. – Lands discovered by Columbus were not part of Asia.

Wrap-Up Magellan VLA – – Dice Roll: Fresh facts you learned!!

Homework Create a newspaper article (complete with a clever headline), highlighting one of the explorers that we studied today. Make sure to include three details about the explorer and underline them.

What “stuck” with me today… Write down one new piece of information that you learned today and why you feel that this is important. Stick your post-it to the board on your way out of class!

RAFT Activity Half a page RAFT – Role Who are you writing as? – Audience Who are you writing to? – Format A journal entry, letter, speech, etc. – Topic What are you writing about?