CHAPTER 18 Section 1:Setting the Stage for War Section 2:World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3:US Involvement in WWI Section 4:The Russian Revolution Section 5: The Terms of Peace World War I and the Russian Revolution

SECTION 1 Bell Ringer Day 4 – 18.3: Write down everything know about Russia during the war leading up to Setting the Stage for War

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Weaknesses of Russia during WWI  Insufficient food  Least industrialized country of all the great powers.  Large army; poorly trained and equipped  By millions Russian soldiers killed, wounded or captured.  Corrupt, inefficient government  No faith in government or czar (means emperor)

I.Start of the Revolution A.In March 1917, working-class women led a series of strikes in the capital city of Petrograd. They were upset about bread shortages and rationing. They called for a general strike that shut down all the factories. Soldiers order by Czar Nicholas II to end the demonstration, instead joined them.

B.The Duma, or Russian legislature, met and established a provisional government. No longer having the support of the Russian people or military, the czar abdicated the thrown. Czar Nicholas II and his family were soon imprisoned, ending the Russian monarchy.

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

C.The provisional government decided to continue fighting in the war. This was a huge mistake, as it upset workers and peasants who wanted to end the years of fighting. Soviet political parties sprang up around the country and were mostly made up of socialists. They wanted political and economic equality. Radicals called for peace and land reforms.

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Two factions fought for control of the soviets. MensheviksBolsheviks

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War  The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin took over the Soviets.  Their slogans were: 1. “Peace, Bread, and Land” 2. “Worker Control of Production” 3. “All Power to the Soviets” His version of Marxism formed the basis of communism.

III.The Bolsheviks Seize Power A.On November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and took control of Russia. The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist Party. In March 1918, Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany officially ending Russia’s involvement in WWI.

B.Soon after the Communists took power, civil war broke out in Russia. The Communist (Red) Army – Lenin supports. VS. The White Army – Anti-Lenin socialists and those that wanted to restore the monarchy. The civil war lasted from 1918 to 1921.

C.Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed in July 1918 by the Communist. Thus ending the Royal bloodlines of Russia. Anastasia

D.By 1921, the Communist Red Army had defeated the White forces. The Communists renamed the land they ruled the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the Soviet Union.