1. Russian Revolution

2. Prior to WWI- Review
Defeat in Crimean War leads to rapid industrialization
Russia more agricultural/feudal than industrial
Defeat in Russo-Japanese war
Emancipation of serfs
Freed to provide mobile labor source for factories
Little change in social position
Rapid industrialization causes revolts
Tsar forced to establish Duma

3. Russia During WWI Russia weak against Industrial AH and Germany
Highest number of war deaths (3.3 million)
War creates instability:
Increased production for military
Food shortages (sent to soldiers)
Soldiers mutiny against war
People call for end to War
Tsar at front lines/weak government

4. Rasputin

5. Abdication of Tsar March 1917- Tsar forced to step down
Ends 300 year of Romanov Dynasty
Est provisional Republic government
New government refuses to end war
Increased support for oppositional political parties
Bolsheviks: communist party
Gain large % of seats in parliament

6. November Revolution Germany sends Bolshevik leader back into Russia
Vladimir Lenin exiled by Russian government
“Peace, Bread, Land” slogan gains popular support
November Bolsheviks storm government
Control given to Bolsheviks
Lenin as leader
March 1918-Treaty of Brest-Litvosk: Russia surrenders to Germany

7. Bolshevik Changes 1918- Tsar and royal family executed
“Red Terror” – campaign to expel all political opposition
“war communism”- government seizes all private land and businesses
Supposed to be temporary during political transition

8. Russian Civil War
Former aristocracy, land owners, high-ranking officials rebel against Soviet rule
White Army
Supported by Allied nations (US, GB, FR, Japan)
Peasants, workers, military support Soviets
Reds
Defeat whites
More people
Control Russian factories
1922- Russia becomes USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republic”
Soviet= worker/laborer

9. Stalin 1924 Lenin dies Replaced by Josef Stalin Soviet Reforms
5 year plan
Goal to rapidly industrialize
Focused on infrastructure, not consumer goods
Lead to 0% unemployment
Collectivism:
Program to increase agricultural output to feed factory workers
Took private land and turned into state communes
Weather and peasant protests reduced production
1931- ended with 3 million peasant deaths

10. Great Purge
Many Bolsheviks questioned failure of collectivism
Stalin removed:
75% of government officials
66% of military officials
Any people viewed as anti- Soviet
Intellectuals, Jews, ethnic minorities
8 million to forced labor camps (Gulags)
17 million killed