IMMIGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION FROM THE THIRD COUNTRIES “Flexibility in a transnational and transitional labour market”

Welcome! Members of the topic group: Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite Moisès Farrés Serra Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce Sofie Vlamings Janine Slabbekoorn Stefanie Balla Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik

Overview Thesis Ageing of the EU labour market History and facts Legislation Consequences Conclusion Recommendation Immigration policy Integration policy

Thesis ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET

Ageing of the European labour market Ageing society Population Projections: Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much smaller Effect: gap on the European labour market

Effect of the demographic ageing The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)

Shortage on the labour market Effect of labour migration on employment in the EU-25 Employment 2005 Baseline employment 2050 No migration employment 2050 Immigrated labour (- 16%) (- 28%)

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN MIGRATION s - displacements of World War II, the return migration, inflows of workers 1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans 1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life” factors, including environment and cost of living issues million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) History of migration

EU-150.2% Germany0.6% The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total population of the EU EU-25 Member States (except Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands, Estonia.) POSITIVE Net migration in the EU-25 Historical immigration figures

Population change Source: Eurostat

Current legislation at European level Community pillar (Freedom, Security, Justice) Since 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam Immigration policy

Current legislation on European level The Tampere Agenda of the European Council ( ) Achievements: Family reunification EU long-term residence status Students, researchers

Current legislation on European level The role of the Commission 1.Several proposals for the implementation of a common immigration policy 2.Proposal for a Directive 3.Soft law Last initiatives of the European Commission The communication “Migration and Development” The Green Paper The Policy Plan on Legal Migration

Current legislation on European level Integration policies The Hague Programme The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National Contacts Point Handbook on Integration A Common Agenda for integration Financial resources: Integration Fund

Current legislation on national level Quota based systems ITALY SPAIN Work as a key No possibility to enter looking for a job Need for Investigation and analysis of the LM

Flexible Systems BELGIUM GERMANY LITHUANIA Special case: THE NETHERLANDS Regulation in the market Work residence General requirements (other treaties) Current legislation on national level

The problem of qualified workers Low skilled and high skilled divisions The GERMAN model

Consequences on European level Gap on the European labour market will be filled Growth of the employment rate Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in society and on the labour market New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility, education More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions

Consequences for employers and employees Employers (company level): Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences Need more flexible labour contracts Have to adjust the recruitment canals Cultural dialogue Employees (from third countries): More possibilities to get employed More possibilities to get a better job position Social and cultural difficulties

Conclusion Ageing of Labour Market Shortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050) In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to decrease the shortage on labour market But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic ageing

Conclusion Migration as a solution Countries versus EU policies Integration of immigrants oRight oDuty Protection of rights of immigrants oRegulation of entrance oPolicies for migrants

Recommendations 1.Immigration policy 2.Country related recommendations 3.Initiatives of the EU 4.Integration policy

1. Immigration policy Different canals for high skilled and low skilled employees = a selective migration Flexibilise the criteria of entrance: Canadian model

EU 3 rd country (D) Country A Country B Country C A nurse Centralized Employment Agency (CEA) CEA Central employment agency European Migration agency Regional employment agency (REA) REA EURES The proposal

2. Country related recommendations Labour market versus Security and Public order Canadian model Belgium, the Netherlands Italy, Spain Germany Lithuania Manage the migrants inside Manage the arriving flows of migration Flexibilise the system; Canadian model More admissions (based on needs)

3. Initiatives of the EU Soft law versus hard law Special institution: European Migration Agency

4. Integration policy Improve access to education Cultural integration Non-racist and intercultural approach Equal treatment should be enforced Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive

The End Thank you for your attention Any questions? Please dial Bart Roels