2-1 What is Life?

6 Characteristics of Living Things Living things all have cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, grow and develop, respond to their surroundings, and reproduceLiving things all have cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, grow and develop, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce

Charact. Continued Cellular Organization: all organisms are made of cells which are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.Cellular Organization: all organisms are made of cells which are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. oOrganisms may either be unicellular (single celled) or multicellular (made of many cells). Cellular Organization: all organisms are made of cells which are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.Cellular Organization: all organisms are made of cells which are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. oOrganisms may either be unicellular (single celled) or multicellular (made of many cells).

Charact. Continued Chemicals of Life: All cells are composed of chemicals. Common chemicals include water (used to transport substances), carbohydrates (which are the cells energy source), and proteins and lipids (fats) which are the building materials of cells.Chemicals of Life: All cells are composed of chemicals. Common chemicals include water (used to transport substances), carbohydrates (which are the cells energy source), and proteins and lipids (fats) which are the building materials of cells.

Charact. Continued Energy Use: Cells use energy to grow and to repair damaged parts.Energy Use: Cells use energy to grow and to repair damaged parts. Growth and Development: growth is the process of becoming larger. Development is the process during an organism’s lifetime where it changes from simple to a more complex organism.Growth and Development: growth is the process of becoming larger. Development is the process during an organism’s lifetime where it changes from simple to a more complex organism. Energy Use: Cells use energy to grow and to repair damaged parts.Energy Use: Cells use energy to grow and to repair damaged parts. Growth and Development: growth is the process of becoming larger. Development is the process during an organism’s lifetime where it changes from simple to a more complex organism.Growth and Development: growth is the process of becoming larger. Development is the process during an organism’s lifetime where it changes from simple to a more complex organism.

Charact. Continued (again) Response to Surroundings: All organisms react to changes in their environment. A change in an organisms surroundings that causes the organism to react is called a stimulus. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response- an action or change in behavior.Response to Surroundings: All organisms react to changes in their environment. A change in an organisms surroundings that causes the organism to react is called a stimulus. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response- an action or change in behavior.

Charact. Continued (Last One) Reproduction: organisms also reproduce- the ability to produce offspring that are similar to the parents.Reproduction: organisms also reproduce- the ability to produce offspring that are similar to the parents.

Life Comes From Life Life Comes From Life Old Ideas: Long ago, people thought that life could suddenly appear from nothing. This theory was called Spontaneous Generation. A scientist, Francesco Redi, designed an experiment with covered and uncovered containers of meat. He found only opened containers that allowed flies to enter grew maggots proving they were responsible for the maggots.Old Ideas: Long ago, people thought that life could suddenly appear from nothing. This theory was called Spontaneous Generation. A scientist, Francesco Redi, designed an experiment with covered and uncovered containers of meat. He found only opened containers that allowed flies to enter grew maggots proving they were responsible for the maggots.

Life Comes From Life (cont.) Later, another scientist, Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment using containers filled with broth, one set with and one set without openings to the air. He found that only the containers with openings grew bacteria proving they didn’t arise from nothing, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.Later, another scientist, Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment using containers filled with broth, one set with and one set without openings to the air. He found that only the containers with openings grew bacteria proving they didn’t arise from nothing, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.

The Needs of Living Things In order to survive, living things must satisfy their basic needs for energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.In order to survive, living things must satisfy their basic needs for energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions. Energy: Living things use food as energy. They may be either autotrophs (which make their own food using the sun’s energy) or heterotrophs (which consume others to obtain their energy).Energy: Living things use food as energy. They may be either autotrophs (which make their own food using the sun’s energy) or heterotrophs (which consume others to obtain their energy). In order to survive, living things must satisfy their basic needs for energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.In order to survive, living things must satisfy their basic needs for energy, water, living space, and stable internal conditions. Energy: Living things use food as energy. They may be either autotrophs (which make their own food using the sun’s energy) or heterotrophs (which consume others to obtain their energy).Energy: Living things use food as energy. They may be either autotrophs (which make their own food using the sun’s energy) or heterotrophs (which consume others to obtain their energy).

Needs Of Living Things (cont.) Water: All living things need water to obtain chemicals from the environment, to break down food, to grow, to move substances within their bodies, and to reproduce.Water: All living things need water to obtain chemicals from the environment, to break down food, to grow, to move substances within their bodies, and to reproduce. Living Space: All living things need a place to live: to get food, water, and find shelter.Living Space: All living things need a place to live: to get food, water, and find shelter. Water: All living things need water to obtain chemicals from the environment, to break down food, to grow, to move substances within their bodies, and to reproduce.Water: All living things need water to obtain chemicals from the environment, to break down food, to grow, to move substances within their bodies, and to reproduce. Living Space: All living things need a place to live: to get food, water, and find shelter.Living Space: All living things need a place to live: to get food, water, and find shelter.

Needs Of Living Things (The end!) Stable Internal Conditions: Because environmental conditions can change drastically, organisms must be able to keep conditions inside their bodies constant.Stable Internal Conditions: Because environmental conditions can change drastically, organisms must be able to keep conditions inside their bodies constant. This maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings is called homeostasis.This maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings is called homeostasis. Stable Internal Conditions: Because environmental conditions can change drastically, organisms must be able to keep conditions inside their bodies constant.Stable Internal Conditions: Because environmental conditions can change drastically, organisms must be able to keep conditions inside their bodies constant. This maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings is called homeostasis.This maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings is called homeostasis.