 Grade level: 11  Content area: Organic Chemistry  Academic Content Standards: Classify molecules based on their functional group and know their chemical structures and properties (with specific reference to alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, esters, and ethers).  Explanation: There are short quizzes in this power point but also the students will be answering questions that I ask during this presentation. Organic Chemistry – the basic

Organic Chemistry Alkyls and prefixes Alkane Rules AlkenesExplanationVideoAlkyneFirst QuizRings BenzeneHalogens Periodic table Final Mind relaxer Resources/ References

What is organic chemistry? Are carbon compounds Mainly covalent bonds Generally nonelectrolytes Low melting/boiling points Usually combustible Has many atoms Examples are sugar, methane, and aspirin

 It is a group that takes the place a hydrogen atom in the parent molecule.  A parent molecule tells how many carbons there are an alkyl.

 Methyl C  Ethyl C2  Propyl C3  Butyl C4  Pentyl C5  Hexyl C6  Heptyl C7  Octyl C8  Nonyl C9  Decyl C10  Di = 2  Tri= 3  tetra = 4

1. Find largest continuous chain of carbon in a molecule 2. Number the carbons in the main chain, so the branched off groups have the lowest numbers 3. Add the numbers so that you are able to identify the hydrogen’s position on the chain 4. Use prefixes to indicate the appearance of a group more than once in the structure 5. Alphabetize the groups coming off 6. Add punctuation: › Commas – separate the numbers › Hyphens – separate numbers and words

C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C I I I C C C I C 5-ethyl – 6,7 dimethyl octane

C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C I I I C C C I C 5-ethyl – 6,7 dimethyl octane  Octane is the parent function  Methyl has only one carbon and since there are two sets of methyl, you just put the prefix di in front of the methyl. Then you just put the numbers the in front of your prefix.  Ethyl has 2 carbons attached to it.  You use biggest number of C’s first and then go to least amount

 Has a double bonded carbon (C C)  Naming: › Longest chain, must contain a double bond › -ane changes to –ene › Double bond gets lowest number  Example: ,3 dimethyl – 2 – hexene C – C I I I C C C 5 l C 6

 Has a triple bond (C C)  Naming: › Triple bond gets lower number › Main chain must contain the triple bond › Change –ane to -yne C C I I  C – C C – C – C – C I C C I C 4-ethyl – 4,5,5- trimethyl – 2 hexyne

Single, double, or triple bonded: a. Alkyne: b. Alkane: c. Alkene: Answers: a. triple, b. single, c. double Name the chain: C I C – C = C – C – C – C – C I I I C C C I C Answer: 4- ethyl 1,1,5 trimethyl 2 heptene

 In the shape of how many C’s there are  Would still use the –ane, -ene, or –yne depending upon how many bonds, but would need to add cyclo- to the front. **Each corner represents a “C” cylcohexene

Benzene can be represented by: or When they are the main chain they are called benzene BUT if they are in a croup that comes off then it is called Phenyl

 Br – bromo  Cl – Chloro  F – fluoro  I – iodio **Is located in family 7 on the periodic table. 1- bromo – 3 – chloro - benzene

They are also natural gases

Name: A. C – C – C – C = C – C I I I C Fl C B. C – C – C – C I C. Make this: 3 – chloro – 3, 5 diethyl – 4 Pentane Answers: A. 4 – fluoro - 3, 5 – di methyl – 2 hexene B. 2 – phenyl butane Cl I C – C – C – C – C I I C C I I C C C.

standards standards Book: Essentials of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by: Melvin T. Armold Clip art for audio All written information was from myself (expect the content standards and what organic chemistry was)  Most images were from clip art and a few were from Google.