Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1 Chapter 1 Food, Nutrition, and Health

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2 Chapter 1 Lesson 1.1

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3 Key Concepts Optimal personal and community nutrition is a major component of health promotion. Certain nutrients in food are essential to our health and well-being.

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 4 Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition  Food people eat and how bodies use it Nutritional science  Scientific knowledge on human’s food requirements Dietetics  Health profession for applying nutritional science (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5 Nutrition and Dietetics (…Cont’d) Registered Dietitian (RD)  Nutrition authority on the health care team  Also referred to as clinical nutrition specialist or public health nutritionist

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 6 Health and Wellness Good nutrition is essential to good health Health must include meeting basic human needs Wellness seeks the full development of potential for all persons

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 7 Wellness Movement and National Health Goals Response to medical care system’s focus on illness and disease Response to rising health costs Focuses on lifestyle and personal choices

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8 Traditional and Preventive Approaches to Health Traditional  Attempts change only when illness or disease already exist  Little value for lifelong positive health Preventive  Identify risk factors  Allows people to choose behaviors to minimize risk of disease

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 9 Good Nutrition Well-developed body Ideal weight for body composition Good muscle development Smooth skin, glossy hair, clear and bright eyes Mental and physical alertness Ability to resist disease Increased life span

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10 Nutrients in Food Provide energy Build tissue Regulate metabolic processes Individual nutrients have many special metabolic functions No nutrient ever works alone

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 11 Energy Sources Carbohydrates  Primary source of fuel for heat and energy  Maintain body’s back-up store of quick energy  Should provide 45%-65% of total kilocalories (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 12 Energy Sources (…Cont’d) Fats  Animal and plant sources  Secondary (storage) form of heat and energy  Should provide no more than 20%-35% of total kilocalories (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 13 Energy Sources (…Cont’d) Proteins  Source of energy when supply from carbohydrates and fats is insufficient  Primary function is tissue building  Should provide 10%-35% of total kilocalories

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14 Tissue Building Proteins  Provide amino acids Necessary for building and repairing tissues Vitamins and minerals  Vitamin C for tissue building  Calcium and phosphorus Building and maintaining bone (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15 Tissue Building (…Cont’d) Iron  Builds hemoglobin in the blood Fatty acids  Build central fat substance of cell walls

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 16 Regulation and Control Vitamins  Function as coenzyme factors Components of cell enzymes in governing chemical reaction during cell metabolism Minerals  Also serve as coenzyme factors (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 17 Regulation and Control (…Cont’d) Other nutrients  Water Essential base for all metabolic processes  Fiber Regulates passage of food material through GI tract

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 18 Types of Nutrition Optimal nutrition  Obtained from a varied diet  Desired amounts should be balanced Undernutrition  Less than desired amounts of nutrients  Limits work capacity, immune system, mental activity (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 19 Types of Nutrition (…Cont’d) Malnutrition  Reserves depleted  Nutrient and energy intake insufficient Overnutrition  Excess nutrient and energy intake over time  Produces harmful gross body weight  Excessive amounts of nutrient supplements over time

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 20 Chapter 1 Lesson 1.2

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 21 Key Concepts Food and nutrient guides help us to plan a balanced diet according to individual needs and goals.

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 22 Dietary Reference Intakes Published by the National Academy of Sciences Updated every 5-10 years Includes recommendations for each gender and age group (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 23 Dietary Reference Intakes (…Cont’d) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)  Daily intake of nutrients that meet needs of almost all healthy individuals Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)  Intake level that meets needs of half the individuals in a specific group (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 24 Dietary Reference Intakes (…Cont’d) Adequate intake (AI)  Used when not enough evidence to establish the RDA Tolerable upper intake level (UL)  Sets maximum intake unlikely to pose adverse health risks (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 25 Dietary Reference Intakes (…Cont’d)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 26 Food Guide Pyramid Simple practical education tool Basis for general meal planning and food- intake pattern Promotes carbohydrates while limiting fat intake Daily food-group choices may be spread over three or more meals (Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 27 Food Guide Pyramid (…Cont’d)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 28 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Issued every five years Aim for fitness Build a healthy base Choose sensibly

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 29 Principles of Nutrition Therapy Weight management Sodium control Proper diet of minerals DASH diet Additional lifestyle factors

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans