1. Nutrition for nursing Dr. Fahad Aldhafiri

2. Definitions Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Good nutrition – an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity – is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity.

3. Food and nutrients Food are substance that are taken into body to sustain life, provide energy and promote growth. Food are comprised of nutrients value. By ingesting food, our bodies are able to absorb the nutrients. Nutrients are substance that gives us nourishment- essential for body live and functions. Nutrients are 6 groups: Protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin, mineral and water All foods are mad up of these 6 nutrients.

4. Calories A measure of heat. It is the amount of heat or energy required to do the work of the body. Or The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C o. The energy value of food is expressed as the number of kilocalorie specified portion of the food will yield when oxidized in the body

5. Functions of food Good nutrition is essential to good health throughout life

6. Functions of food To sustain life, the nutrients in the food must perform three basic functions within the body:

7. 1.Provide energy (carbohydrates, fats, proteins). 2.Build tissues (proteins, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids) 3.Regulate metabolic processes (vitamin, minerals, water and fiber)

8. Evidence of good nutrition Well developed body. Ideal weight for height. Good muscle development and tone.

9. Evidence of good nutrition Skin is smooth clear hair is glossy. Eyes clear and bright. Posture is good. Facial expression alert.

10. Evidence of good nutrition Appetite, digestion and elimination are normal. Well nourished people are much more likely to be alert both mentally and physically. They are also more able to resist infections.

11. Evidence of good nutrition Proper diet not only creates healthier people but also extends their years of normal functioning

12. A balance diet A balanced diet is defined as one which contains a variety of foods in such quantities and proportions that the need for energy. Protein, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients are adequately met for maintaining health, vitality and well-being.

13. How to plan a balance diet 1.The daily requirement of protein is 15- 20% of the daily energy intake. 2.The daily requirement of fat is 20-30% of the daily energy intake. 3.The daily requirement of carbohydrates 50 – 65% of the daily energy intake. It should be rich in nature fiber.

14. How to plan a balance diet 1.The requirements of micronutrients should be met. 2.Consider the age, sex, weight, health status and type of work of the individual. 3.Number of meals- at least three principal meals should be served through the day.

15. Food groups Macronutrients: Protein, carbohydrate and fat. Micronutrients: Vitamin and minerals.

16. Measurement of energy The energy value of foods has long been expressed in terms of the kilo-calorie (kcal).

17. Measurement of energy The dietary sources of energy are ( proteins, fat, carbohydrates). They supply energy at the following rates:  1gram of Protein gives 4 kcal  1 gram of carbohydrates gives 4 kcal  1 gram of fat gives 9 kcal

18. Energy requirements Definition: is the amount of food energy needed to balance energy expenditure in order to maintain body size, body composition and a level of necessary and desirable physical activity consistent with long-term good health.

19. Components of energy requirements 1. Energy required for basal metabolism- is essentially the minimum amount of calories required to sustain life in a resting individual. 2. Energy required for daily activities as walking, setting, standing …

20. Schofield equation

21. Sedentary people should multiply by 1.3. Sedentary is very physically inactive, inactive in both work and leisure. Lightly active men should multiply by 1.6 and women by 1.5. Lightly active means the daily routine includes some walking, or intense exercise once or twice per week. Most students are in this category. Moderately active men should multiply by 1.7 and women by 1.6. Moderately active means intense exercise lasting 20–45 minutes at least three time per week, or a job with a lot of walking, or a moderate intensity job. Very Active men should multiply by 2.1 and women by 1.9. Very active means intense exercise lasting at least an hour per day, or a heavy physical job, such as a mail carrier or an athlete in training. Extremely active men should multiply by 2.4 and women by 2.2. Extremely active means an athlete on an unstoppable training schedule or a very demanding job, such as working in the armed forces or shoveling coal.