Journal 1/14/16 What’s your favorite animal. Why? Objective Tonight’s Homework To learn about the diversity of life on Earth pp 341: 5

Taxonomy Overview We’re going to be spending a lot of time looking at the animal kingdom. The first page in our book is going to look at the numbers. How many different kinds of animals are there? How do we classify them?

Taxonomy Overview Kingdom Animalia is broken down into 24 major phyla. A lot of them are small and full of very odd creatures, but there are 9 we can briefly discuss.

Taxonomy Overview Kingdom Animalia is broken down into 24 major phyla. A lot of them are small and full of very odd creatures, but there are 9 we can briefly discuss. Protozoans These are small 1-celled animals that live in liquid. Most are only 1/20 th of a millimeter across. Most eat bacteria and can move with flagella or pseudopods (tentacles that work like feet)

Taxonomy Overview Poriferans These are the sponges. Sponges are very simple animals made of only a few layers of cells. They filter food out of the water and can reproduce from pieces that are broken off, or by spores. Even though they can’t move, they ARE technically animals.

Taxonomy Overview Cnidarians These are the jellyfish, hydra, and corals. They’re only a little more complex than sponges. They still eat mostly by filtering from the water. They have basic nervous systems and can respond to touch. Some have poisons or very basic organs.

Taxonomy Overview Platyhelminthes These are the flatworms. They’re still very simple. Most have only one opening in their body and very basic nerves. Some have “eyespots” that can sense light and dark. This also includes a lot of parasite worms like tapeworm.

Taxonomy Overview Annelida These are the roundworms. These creatures have simple organs, a digestive system with two ends, and a little more complex nervous system. Most have bodies that are segmented, with duplicates of each organ in each segment. Earthworms are the most common animal we recognize in this group.

Taxonomy Overview Arthropoda An arthropod is any creature with an exoskeleton, jointed legs, and multiple body segments. This includes all insects, crabs, spiders, and many other species. Most can’t grow larger than a few feet. They have open circulatory systems, simple hearts, and “brains” called ganglia.

Taxonomy Overview Mollusca Molluscs are creatures with a shell and a strange tongue-like object called a “radula”. Most have a hollow space in their shell that helps with digestion and breathing. This phylum includes snails, slugs, octopi, and clams. Most creatures at this point have complex organs and nerves.

Taxonomy Overview Echinodermata The echinoderms are the starfish and sea urchins. Most have a simple skeleton and something called the “water vascular system” which is a complex series of tubes and pumps that help with digestion, motion, and other senses. Most echinoderms are known for their ability to regenerate lost body parts.

Taxonomy Overview Chordata The chordates are all the creatures with spines. This includes fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Chordates have highly advanced brains and well- developed sensory organs. Humans are classified with this group.

Taxonomy Overview Total known species: 1 million Left to discover: 3-5 million? DIAGRAM Overview Major Phyla in the animal kingdom.

Exit Question Earthworms are in what phylum? a) platyhelminthes b) arthropoda c) annelida d) cnideria e) chordata f) None of the above