Teacher: Ms. J. Lilly

How do Astronauts meet their basic needs?  First, think about your day. Then, think about how you would do the same things in space!  Activity 1: Creating the Astronaut Manual

Eating o Eat mostly wet and sticky foods such as oatmeal, puddings and stews because they stick to an eating utensil long enough for the astronaut to put into their mouth. o Crumbs and dry foods (such as bread) float and can contaminate the environment. o Chris Hadfield’s Space Kitchen Video Chris Hadfield’s Space Kitchen

Sleeping  astronauts are weightless and can sleep anywhere.  Astronauts can attach themselves to a wall, a seat or a bunk bed inside the crew cabin so they don't float around and bump into something. Sleeping in Space Video

Exercising  Astronauts lose muscle mass and bone density since it is not needed to support their weight.  The treadmill uses a bungee and harness system to secure the astronaut to the treadmill. A harness applies a load, based on the astronaut's body weight, to the shoulders and hips.  Exercising in Space Video Exercising in Space Video

Hygiene Astronauts:  take sponge baths  use a no-rinse shampoo to wash their hair. They apply the shampoo using a towel, vigorously rub their hair and scalp and then use a towel to wipe their hair clean.  must not let loose hairs fall off the towel because floating hairs can create a safety hazard.  Use toilets with a suctioning device.  Shaving in Space Video Shaving in Space Video

Solar System Made up of:  Planets  Sun  Moons  Comets  Asteroids  Dwarf Planets  Dust/Gas Everything in the Solar System orbits or revolves around the Sun.

Early Ideas of the Solar System o People once thought that the Earth was flat o They also thought that the Sun, and all of the visible planets revolved around the Earth. o This model was called the Geocentric Model.

Modern Theories  We now know that the Earth is round  We also know that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This is called the Heliocentric model.

Modern Theories Cont...  The idea that the Earth actually revolved around the Sun was met with considerable resistance when first proposed.  What today’s students may take for granted and not question, was very controversial in its time!

The Planets  There are 8 planets

Planet Size Comparison

The Planets  Size Comparison Video Size Comparison Video Inner Planets (small and have solid cores and rocky crusts. You could stand on any of these planets)  Mercury  Venus  Earth  Mars Jovian Planets (known for their large gaseous atmospheres, cold temperatures, and lack of a solid surface)  Jupiter  Saturn  Uranus  Neptune

Stars  A star is a body made of heat and light and is very far away. Example: the Sun, Planets (moving stars) Thousands of years ago, people noticed that the stars made certain patterns that appeared night after night.  Constellation: patterns made up of stars. Examples: Orion, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor  The people told stories of kings and queens, heroes and villains, animals and mythical creatures, and put them in the sky.

Constellation

Constellations cont...

Asterism  Asterism : Smaller groups of stars forming patterns within the constellations. Example: the Big Dipper  The end stars in the bowl are called pointer stars. They point to the North Star (Polaris).

Tools that have been developed Many tools have been developed to improve our ability to explore the Universe such as: 1. Binoculars 2. Telescopes 3. Lunar Buggy 4. Canadarm 5. Hubble Telescope 6. Space Probes 7. International Space Station

Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)  The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) or lunar rover was a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon during  It was popularly known as the moon buggy  Some rovers have been designed to transport humans, others are robots.

Canadarm  The Canadarm: a remote-controlled mechanical arm. The robotic arm deployed, captured and repaired satellites, positioned astronauts, maintained equipment, and moved

Hubble Space Telescope  The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is the most famous space observatory ever flown.  The 11 tonne telescope was placed into a 570 km high orbit around Earth in April Circling our planet every 96 minutes, the HST has so far travelled 5 billion km.  Hubble has sent back a huge amount of scientific data and very detailed images of every type of object in the sky.  By autumn 2009, it had made nearly 900,000 observations and snapped over 570,000 images of more than 29,000 objects.

International Space Station  The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station located in low Earth.  Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth

A view of Earth from the ISS

More on the ISS  It serves as a home where crews of astronauts live.  The space station is also science lab.  Several nations worked together to build and use the space station.  ISS orbits the world every 92 minutes (8 km/sec)

Chris Hadfield  On December 19, 2012, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield went to the ISS.  On March 2013, he became the first Canadian Commander of the ISS.  Length of the mission: 5 months Landing date: May 13, 2013 Objectives:  Carry out scientific experiments  Operate Canadarm 2  Canada’s first spacewalker Chris Hadfield Operating Canadarm 2Chris Hadfield Operating Canadarm 2 Video

Rotation versus Revolution Rotation: the act of turning or spinning on an axis. Revolution: movement of one object around a center or another object. One full orbit around the sun. The Earth spins on its axis. The Earth's axis is not straight up and down, but tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. The Earth revolves around the sun.

Rotation of the Earth  The spinning/rotation of the Earth around its own axis causes day and night.  It takes 24 hours to complete one rotation.  However, sunlight shines only on the half of the Earth facing the Sun. That half has day the other half is dark and has a night.

Rotation

The Angle of Light and Temperature  The angle of the sun will cause differences in temperature at various times of the day.  The angle of the suns’ rays can cause light to be spread out over a larger area, and therefore the light is not as concentrated and it will not be as warm.

Revolution of the Earth around the Sun o The Earth takes 365 days to complete one revolution. o The Earth revolves around the Sun because of gravity. The Earth really rotates 365 ¼ times during each revolution. o The calendar always has 365 days, after every 4 years, the earth has made one extra rotation. However, one extra day is added to the month of February once in every four years forming a leap year. o The revolution of the Earth around the sun in combination with the rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the Seasons.

The Four Seasons

Activity Put a light in the middle of the room to represent the sun. A basketball (mark or paste something on it to represent Atlantic provinces) or globe can represent the Earth.  Position or move the Earth and/or the moon to simulate the following situations:  Position the Earth so that it is night in the Atlantic provinces.  Position the Earth so it is summer in the Atlantic provinces.  Move the Earth to show its path for one year (no rotation, just revolution).  Move the Earth to show its motion for one day

The Moon  Earth`s Natural Satellite!  First Astronaut on the moon was Neil Armstrong, followed by Buzz Alderine, 20 minutes later in 1959.

What causes the moon to be lit up?  The moon reflects light from the sun!  The part of the moon facing the sun is lit up. The part facing away from the sun is in darkness.

What causes the phases of the moon?  It takes the moon 27 days to orbit Earth.  The phases of the Moon depend on its position in relation to the Sun and Earth.  As the Moon makes its way around the Earth, we see the bright parts of the Moon's surface at different angles. These are called "phases" of the Moon.

What are the different phases of the Moon called?  There are 8 phases of the moon.  The phases of the moon work in a cycle starting with the new moon.

8 Phases of the Moon

Why are the phases different in each hemisphere?  The Moon orbits near the equator of the Earth.  In the northern hemisphere, we're standing on the opposite side of the globe from countries in the southern hemisphere i.e. we are "upside down" from each other!

Did you know?  At special times during the year, the earth, moon, and sun "line up“, creating either a lunar or solar eclipse!

Lunar/Solar Eclipse Lunar EclipseSolar Eclipse The Earth blocks the suns rays from reaching the moon. The moon blocks the suns rays from reaching the Earth.

Moon Phases  Moon Phases Calendar Moon Phases Calendar  Goes through its phases in about 1 month.  Phases Video Phases Video

Research Project: Canadians in Space Exploration  Marc Garneau,  Roberta Bondar,  Julie Payette,  Chris Hadfield,  Bob Trisk,  Steve MacLEan,  Dave Williams,  Bjarnie Trygvasson  George J. Klein.