Classical Greece Chapter 5

Geography Shapes Life Ancient Greece consisted of Mountainous Peninsulas going into the Mediterranean Sea and about 2,000 Islands also in the Aegean and Ionian Seas How would this geography affect the development of Ancient Greece?

Activity Tell how aspects of the geography impacted the development of Ancient Greece. What skills would these features cause the Greeks to develop? Page: 123 Geographic Features –Mountainous Peninsulas –Islands in two different seas –Access to the seas –Mild climate –Little inland water

Early Greek Civilizations Mycenaean –Indo-Europeans migrated to Southern Greece –Dominated area from B.C. –Influenced by Minoans Minoans –Came into contact with Mycenaean after 1500 B.C. –Showed power of sea trade –Influenced Greek writing, art, religion and literature

Trojan War Ten year war between Troy and Mycenaeans in the 1200’s B.C. Legendary War

Early Greek Civilizations Dorians –After Trojan War Mycenaean collapsed –Dorians not as advanced Homer told epic poems to pass along history

Warring City States City-State (Polis) –Ruled by Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyrants Copy chart on page: 128

Athens Direct Democracy –Copy chart from page: 134 Education

Sparta Strong military state Boys and girls learned fighting Life centered around strength of Sparta –“come back with your shield or on it” Arts and literature suffered

Greece’s Golden Age B.C.

Age of Pericles Pericles lead Athens for 32 years, he was a skillful politician, inspiring speaker and generals

Perciles’ Plan Three Goals –Strengthen Athens Democracy –Hold and Strengthen Empire –Glorify Athens

Strengthen Democracy Increased number of Public officials paid a salary Direct Democracy

Athenian Empire Created Delian League after defeat of Persians Had strongest Navy in League of over 200 City-States –Why would the Navy be important? –Safety of Empire, access to waterways to trade for needed food and supplies

Glorifying Athens Architecture and Sculpture –Parthenon –Classical Art Sculptures showed ideal beauty, harmony, order and balance Drama –Invented Drama –Two types of Drama Tragedy Famous writers were Aeschylus (Oresteia); Sophocles (Oedipus the King) Comedy Famous writer was Aristophanes

History Began writing the history, instead of relying on stories or epics

Peloponnesian War 431 B.C. Sparta declared war on Athens Athens had a stronger Navy, Sparta Army Perciles wanted to keep battle on water –Sparta attacked Athens over land –Everyone moved inside city walls, plague struck in second year of war, killed many including Perciles –421 B.C. a truce was signed

Peloponnesian War 415 B.C. Athens sought to attack Sparta’s ally Syracuse with 20,000 soldiers Were destroyed In 404 B.C. Athens and her allies surrendered

Macedonia The Peloponnesian War several Greek city states were weakened –King Phillip began to gain power in Macedonia Was a military genius, used the phalanx 338 B.C. defeated the Greeks Murdered in 336 B.C.

Alexander the Great Son of Phillip, took over when his father was murdered Former student of Aristotle, became King at 20