Introduction to Energy 6 th Grade Science Community House Middle School Sessions 9: Kinetic and Potential Energy 10: Elastic Energy 11: Thermal Energy Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Objective Over the next few sessions the scientists will explore different types of energy, identify them and explain how they work together. Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Draw this diagram into your notebook.

Session #12 Warm Up Types of Energy – Make a list at your table of different types of energy you see Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

How would you explain this phenomenon? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development Teacher Demonstration Entry #1

Definitions of Energy As a table group discuss the following: – What IS energy? – How would you describe energy Write the definition on your sticky. Share definitions with the class. Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Types of Energy KINETIC ENERGY: Energy of a moving object – More motion and mass = more kinetic energy GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY: Energy of an object placed above the ground – More height = more gravitational energy stored Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

PS3.A: Definitions of Energy Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed. A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions. For example, energy is stored— in gravitational interaction with Earth—when an object is raised, and energy is released when the object falls or is lowered. Energy is also stored in the electric fields between charged particles and the magnetic fields between magnets, and it changes when these objects are moved relative to one another. Stored energy is decreased in some chemical reactions and increased in others. Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Can we say anything new about our candle and coffee cup demo? Entry #2/3

Dropping a Ball Adapted from NGSS Professional Development GROUND Grab a ball and drop it Think about what TYPE of energy the ball has in your hand before you drop it Think about what TYPE of energy the ball has when it starts to contact the ground

? ? ? ? What type of energy and how much? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development GROUND Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Dropping a Ball Talk at your table about what happens to the energy of the object as it falls Does the total energy in the system change or stay the same? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Activity Fill in your worksheet Adapted from NGSS Professional Development Kinetic Energy Gravitational Potential Energy

Adapted from NGSS Professional Development Can we say anything new about our candle and coffee cup demo? Entry #4

Bouncing a Rubber Ball Complete Activity 4.1 Adapted from NGSS Professional Development ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

What happens during the bounce? Draw in 5 more circles and label them Adapted from NGSS Professional Development ? ? 4.1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Adapted from NGSS Professional Development CLICK

What happens during the bounce? Discuss what happens to the ball and its energy during the bounce – What happens to the shape of the ball? – What sort of transformations are taking place? Fill in your pie charts showing the type of energy or energies present at each point during the bounce Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Gravitational To Kinetic Energy Kinetic to Elastic/Elastic to Kinetic Energy Kinetic to Gravitational Energy What is happening to the energy? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Elastic Energy How would you describe elastic energy? Elastic Energy is the energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing--the more stretch, the more stored energy. Can you think of other examples of elastic energy? Rubber bands, bungee chords, trampolines, springs, an arrow drawn into a bow. Slo Mo Guys Video: Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Warm Up: Predict what will happen if you place the raquetball On Top of the basketball and let it fall. Fill in Predictions in your worksheet. Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

CLICK

What happened? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Transformation of KE to GE and GE to KE but also… TRANSFER of KE from BB to Raquetball Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

A New Type of Energy Two steel balls will be rolled towards each other so that they strike each other with a paper between them. What do you think will happen? Why? Commence with colliding balls… OoSU OoSU Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

A New Type of Energy Ramp it up a bit: I_w I_w Discuss what you think happened during the collision – What types of energies were at play? – Where did the energy come from to burn the paper? – Could it have been another type of energy? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Thermal Energy Examine how thermal energy works at a particle level… An experiment was carried out – Two beakers, one filled with cold water and one with hot water – One drop of food coloring in each one – Picture taken 1 second after food coloring added and 30 seconds after food coloring added Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Thermal Energy Adapted from NGSS Professional Development 1 second after food coloring added 30 seconds after food coloring added

Thermal Energy What did you observe? Why did that happen? If the water particles move faster, what does that mean for how they collide with food-coloring particles? If the hot-water particles move faster, what does that mean regarding the thermal energy of the water? Thermal energy is the energy a substance or system has related to its temperature, i.e., the energy of moving or vibrating molecules. Thermal energy is not the same as heat. Heat is energy transferred between substances or systems due to a temperature difference between them. Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Making Connections – What is the connection between thermal energy and the amount of motion of molecules? – What is the connection between kinetic energy and thermal energy? – Imagine a perfume is sprayed in a hot room and cold room—what would you expect to happen? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Burning of Candle: What is going on? +3O 2 3H 2 O + 2CO 2 +ENERGY But what is that energy and what does it do??? Transfer of kinetic energy of products to particles in SURROUNDINGS Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Entry #6 Where are the energies located in this demonstration?

How would you explain this phenomenon? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Reviewing the CER Framework Claim: a conclusion about a problem –Typically the claim answers a question Evidence: scientific data that supports the claim –Appropriate and sufficient evidence Reasoning: a justification that shows why the data counts as evidence to support the claim and includes appropriate scientific principles Adapted from Toulmin’s model of argumentation Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Candle and Coffee Cup Phenomenon Partner up with a neighbor TALK through a scientific explanation of our phenomenon using the CER framework – What can you CLAIM from your observations that explains the candle and coffee cup demo? – What EVIDENCE supports your claim? – What is your REASONING for why your evidence supports your claim? WRITE your scientific explanation Adapted from NGSS Professional Development

Scientific Explanation Share your scientific explanations with someone else See if you can identify the CLAIM, EVIDENCE, and REASONING in their explanation Was their explanation convincing? How could it be improved? Adapted from NGSS Professional Development