History chapter 8 BY: Shay Huether

All of the cultures The Cycladic culture they didn’t know much about them. They know that they made their living by fishing and trading. The Minoan passed down stories and myths. The Mycenaean started doing the same cultures as the Minoans’. They farmed, raised horses, herded sheep, and traded.

Rise of the city states City states were formed as people living in neighboring villages formed to protect them selves from danger. Many of the groups made walled forts for safety during enemy attacks. Each fort was usually on hilltops called acropolis which means high city in Greek.

Athens The city state of Athens was located on Attica. After the dark age Athens were ruled by an Aristocracy. Some times the Leaders had struggle with ruling the Athens. Asked a leader to make changes to the Athens. His name was Solon he divided The people by Wealth into different groups.

Sparta Most city states were located in coastal areas and had economics based on trade. Its inland location had Sparta developed a military economy. People of Athena had hard physical Life's by doing hard work.

To be greek It was independent, people did not think they belonged to their country. The different city states had a cultural identity, or connection, with one another. After people began to think of them selves as a single civilization.

Persian wars For hundreds of years the Greek city states have been fighting over land and trade. In the 500 B.C. a common enemy brought the Greek people together for a time. The common enemy was Persia. During that century Persia built a huge empire that included Assyria, Babylonian, Egypt, And the Greek city states in Asia Minor.

Age of Pericles Athenians felt great leadership after they defeated the Persians. This pride led to Achievements in other areas. During this time Athens were led by Pericles a member of the city states Wealthy ruling class. Pericles was a relative of Cleisthenes who had taken away governing authority from the aristocracy. And giving it to the city states assembly.

Golden Age The golden age included the Persian wars, the age of Pericles. During those was achievements of many things like the Greeks coming back together, and Pericles becoming the ruler of the Athenians.

The End Of The Golden Age Pericles not only wanted Athenians to be the school of Greece but he also wanted it to be the most powerful city state. To do this soldiers were sent to conquer lands like Egypt. Athens also forced its allies from the Delian League to pay tribute for protection and peace. Sparta feared the growing of Athens and broke out in peace.

Greek philosophers After the Peloponnesian war there were still many great thinkers and teachers in Athens. They were called philosophers witch means lovers of wisdom. Socrates called himself the cities gadfly after an insect that bites horses. He used criticism to sting Athens into thinking about life.

Making of an empire In 338 B.C. 18 year old Alexander commanded the cavalry in Philips army. The battle of Chaeronea brought most of the Greek peninsula under Macedonia control. Philip next prepared to the Persian empire in Asia. Before he could do that he was killed by his body guard.

Building of an empire With the Greek city states under his control, Alexander turned to completing his father’s plan for attacking the Persian empire. In 334 B.C. He led an army of more than 35,000 soldiers from southern Europe to Asia Minor. An early victory over the Persians at the Granicus gave Alexander more wealth and glory.

Alexander's legacy Alexander the great and his army came into contact with many different cultures. Many of the conquered people learn to speak and write Greek and to have the same customs. For this reason after Alexander's rule they called it the Hellenistic age.

End of an empire Alexander the great ruled a wide area but still wanted more land. Beyond Persia lay in the Indus valley. Alexander led his army east from Persia into Bactria, now part of Afghanistan, and then across the Hindu Kush mountains. While in Bactria in 327 B.C. he married the Bactrian princess Roxane.