MODULE 9 BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT ON SHIPS Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat.

Module 2: Objectives Outline the international requirements for BWM on shipsOutline the international requirements for BWM on ships Discuss the precautionary approach in relation to BWMDiscuss the precautionary approach in relation to BWM Describe the scope of a Ship’s BWM PlanDescribe the scope of a Ship’s BWM Plan Implementation of the BWM requirementsImplementation of the BWM requirements

Module Structure International requirements for BWM on shipsInternational requirements for BWM on ships Guiding principles and BWMGuiding principles and BWM BWM OptionsBWM Options Ship’s BWM PlanShip’s BWM Plan Voyage PlanningVoyage Planning Sediment ManagementSediment Management Duties & Training of Ship’s CrewDuties & Training of Ship’s Crew

Guiding Principles The Precautionary approach Promotes cost effective and timely measures for preventing environmental degradation The User Pays principle Which seeks to involve the user of processes that cause HAOP introduction, in bearing responsibility for costs and preventive measures Prevention The most cost effective and environmentally desirable option for HAOP management

Precautionary practices in BWM Non Discharge of Ballast Water into harbours –No Ballast Onboard –Retention of Ballast Water –Discharge of Ballast Water to Shore Facilities Ballast Water Management onboard –During Uptake – restricting uptake in unsuitable areas or at unsuitable times –During Carriage –exchange in mid ocean by sequential /flow through /dilution –Onboard Treatment – mechanical / chemical / physical Control during Discharge – Avoidance of discharge in sensitive areas – Avoidance of prolonged stripping or eduction

Uptake of ballast water (& organisms) Ship in transit Ballast water (& organisms) discharged Ballast water operations Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat. Ballast water management can be applied to all 3 aspects

Avoid Uptake Shallow water Dredging areas Known infected areas Sewage outfalls Seafood production areas Poor tidal flushing Phytoplankton blooms Night

BWM Exchange Regulation B-4 Ballast Water Exchange BWE should be undertaken: –200 nm and 200 m depth, or if not possible –50 nm and 200 m depth, or if not possible –in areas designated by the Port State, however –neither deviation nor delay of the ship –BWE should only be undertaken when safety of the ship is guaranteed

Ballast Exchange

Options for Ballast Water Management A B C D

Treatment methods include: 1.Mechanical Treatment Mainly by filtration or cyclonic separation 2.Chemical Treatment Addition of ‘active’ or other substances that will render HAOP harmless 3. Physical Treatment Includes thermal, ultraviolet magnetic and ultrasound devices Ballast Water Treatment

BW Exchange Biological effectiveness unsatisfactory Serious safety considerations BW Treatment Chemical treatment has potential environmental impacts after discharge Conclusion: a combination of treatments is the most promising solution BW Exchange vs BW Treatment

Questions / Comments?

Ballast Water Exchange – Reg. B-4 Methods of Ballast Water Exchange The Sequential methodThe Sequential method Discharge and refilling of tanks The Flow Through methodThe Flow Through method Simultaneous filling and outflow of ballast water The Dilution method Pumping in of water from the top of a tank and releasing water from the bottom simultaneously

Safety during ballast water exchange Hazards during ballast exchanges : Loss of stability Over Stress Sloshing loads Torsional loads Reduction in maneuverability Reduction in draughts Icing Occupational hazards & fatigue of crew Excessive forces on securing arrangements of containers or special cargo

Ship’s Ballast Water Management Plan Required by Reg. B-1 of the ConventionRequired by Reg. B-1 of the Convention Purpose: “.. to facilitate the safe and effective implementation of the BWM system on the ship concerned by ensuring that the necessary processes and equipment usage are done in a structured, logical, effective and safe manner.”Purpose: “.. to facilitate the safe and effective implementation of the BWM system on the ship concerned by ensuring that the necessary processes and equipment usage are done in a structured, logical, effective and safe manner.” Must be approved by flag State.Must be approved by flag State.

Contents of BWM Plan Procedures for Ballast Water Handling Procedures for Ballast Water Handling Safety AspectsSafety Aspects Sediment managementSediment management Responsibility for complianceResponsibility for compliance Reporting and recordsReporting and records SamplingSampling Training of CrewTraining of Crew

What some ships are using

BWE Procedure (Basic)

Voyage Planning Communication in advance of port’s requirements Routing for optimal BWE/avoidance of sensitive areas Routing for optimal BWE/avoidance of sensitive areas Bad weather avoidance Bad weather avoidance Planning uptake/discharge requirements Planning uptake/discharge requirements Planning for contingencies Planning for contingencies Identification of alternative measures Identification of alternative measures

Management of Sediments Source of sediments Sediments as a habitat for HAOP Sediments as a commercial loss to the ship Designing structure to minimize sediments Sediment discharge during deballasting Disposal of sediments at sea – problems and dangers Disposal of sediments in port

Duties of Ship’s Crew Regulation B-6 : owners/ operators responsible for ensuring crew are familiar with their duties, including: Implementation of BWM Plan Operation & maintenance of equipment Contingency arrangements Record-keeping Communication of Information Consequences of not completing tasks correctly Giving Assistance to Port Officials