ERNEST HEMINGWAY & THE LOST GENERATION AUTHORS

“I was born wandering between two worlds, one dead, the other powerless to be born, and have made, in a curious way, the worst of both” Aldous Huxley Born 26 July 1894 Died 22 November 1963

LOST GENERATION WRITERS Lost  Value-less  Angry  Cynical Generation  WWI  Expatriation 1920s  Depression

MAJOR WRITERS Ernest Heminway F. Scott Fitzgerald e.e. cummings T.S. Eliot Gertrude Stein John Dos Passos William Carlos Williams

MAJOR ARTISTS Pablo Picasso Georges Braques Marc Chagall Juan Gris

GEORGES BRAQUES VIOLIN AND CANDLESTICK

PICASSO WOMAN READING A BOOK

CHAGALL

JUAN GRIS STILL LIVES

WHY ARE THEY LOST? Gertrude Stein was the first to use the phrase after having read a draft of Hemingway's The Sun also Rises. Stein, and American ex-patriate living in Paris, was Hemingway's mentor and friend. He recounted that Stein said: “That is what you are. That's what you all are...all of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation.”

MODERNISM Literature can be grouped not only by genre, but also by era: Romanticism: Emerson, Hawthorne, Poe, Whitman (celebration of the individual and elevation of nature) Realism: Sinclair (realistic portrayal of every day lives) Naturalism: London (Nature becomes a character and mimics the violent nature of man) Modernism: Hemingway (see next slide) Post-modernism: Kesey, Vonnegut, Tim O’Brien

MODERNISM The modern period is considered to be between 1914 and 1965— the period that began when WWI blasted the past and history into apparent oblivion: “The past was dead. God was dead. People were alienated from all community. One could create one’s self only by existing...” (Harper Handbook 295). The modern period in writing began with existentialism, was furthered by cubism, and ended in the psychedelic culture of drugs, free love, and the Vietnam war—which is the subject of our next novel, The Things They Carried.

Disillusioned with American ideals “Grace under pressure” Must confront death to assure life. There is no life after death; we have one life to live. “When you’re dead, you’re dead.” Men cannot act cowardly in the face of such certainty: he drinks, cavorts, and generally puts himself to the test, physically and mentally: bullfighting, boxing, hunting big game. In the face of death, a man must enjoy and take the most from life. THE HEMINGWAY HERO

HEMINGWAY’S STYLE No author has influenced American writing as much as Hemingway. His short declarative sentences stem from his time as a journalist for the Kansas City Star in He was told by his editor to omit all adjectives and adverbs, and he said that it was the best advice he ever received as a writer. But Hemingway didn’t just leave out adjectives and adverbs: “In a preface written in 1959 for a selection of his stories..., Hemingway congratulated himself for his skill at leaving things out. In his story ‘The Killer,’ he had left out Chicago; in ‘Big Two- Hearted River,’ the war” (“The Art of the Short Story” 100).

What Hemingway reveals on the surface is only the tip of the story. His unstated message lies beneath and occupies a much larger role. THE ICEBERG

HEMINGWAY'S PLACE IN LITERARY HISTORY Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 1953 for Old Man and the Sea. Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 Works of Fiction: The Torrents of Spring (1925) The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) To Have and Have Not(1937) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) Across the River and Into the Trees (1950) The Old Man and the Sea (1952) Adventures of a Young Man (1962) Islands in the Stream (1970) The Garden of Eden (1986)

WORKS OF NON-FICTION Death in the Afternoon (1932) Green Hills of Africa (1935) The Dangerous Summer (1960) A Moveable Feast (1964) Nine anthologies of short stories...

IN OUR TIME Hemingway published a book of short stories in 1925 entitled In Our Time. Benjamin Disraeli, upon returning from the Congress of Berlin in 1878 stated, "I have returned from Germany with peace in our time,” which is ironic, as the German occupation of the Sudetenland began on the following day. The phrase "peace for our time" was said on 30 September 1938 by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in his speech concerning the Munich Agreement and the Anglo-German Declaration. Less than a year after the agreement, Europe was plunged into World War II. "Give peace in our time, O Lord“ is a prayer from The Anglican Book of Common Prayer.

“Soldier’s Home” and “Big-Two Hearted River” are from In Our Time. “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” and “In Another Country” are from The Snows of Kilimanjaro.

HEMINGWAY’S WISDOM VIA WOODY ALLEN est+hemingway&oq=midnight+in+paris+scene+with+ernest+he&aq=0w&aqi=q- w1&aql=&gs_nf=1&gs_l=youtube i j16j1.24.0http:// est+hemingway&oq=midnight+in+paris+scene+with+ernest+he&aq=0w&aqi=q- w1&aql=&gs_nf=1&gs_l=youtube i j16j