Making Energy for Cells

Energy Energy is needed to maintain homeostasis All energy on earth originates from the sun

Getting Energy Autotrophs- make their own energy (usually from the sun) Ex. plants Heterotrophs- get energy from other organisms Ex. animals, fungi

Adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) – compound living things use to store energy has 3 phosphate groups Enzymes remove a phosphate group from the ATP which releases energy. ATP becomes (ADP) ATP (Energy)

ADP Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - adenosine with two phosphate groups leftover a third phosphate group can be added back on to ADP so it become ATP again (recycling)

Making ATP Glucose – (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) sugar, used to make ATP (from carbs, fruit, etc)

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis- uses energy from the sun to create glucose. Reactants- Sunlight, Carbon Dioxide, Water Products – Glucose, Oxygen Sun + CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

Chloroplasts Thylakoids -disk that help capture sunlight for plants, arranged in stacks called grana. (located inside chloroplasts) Chlorophyll is the main pigment in the thylakoids that absorbs light for photosynthesis(reflects green light). Stroma- region of space outside the thylakoids

Light Dependent reaction Light-Dependent reaction -requires sunlight –Happens in the thylakoid –Needs light –Produces NADPH & some ATP

1 st Sun light excites chlorophyll and e- are taken from water. 2 nd An electron transport chain passes e- from protein to protein, using this energy to make ATP 3 rd The e- are given to the e- carrier NADPH. 4 th NADPH and ATP go to the stroma to power the 2 nd reaction. Light Dependent steps e e e e e e e e

Light Independent Reaction Light-Independent ~ AKA Calvin cycle –Happens in the stroma –Does not needs light –Uses NADPH electrons and ATP to make Glucose

Calvin Cycle Steps -A CO 2 is added to a five carbon sugar to make a six carbon sugar. -The six carbon sugar uses ATP and NADPH electrons to make glucose.