The Nervous System. What is regulation?  The control and coordination of all bodily activities.

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Presentation transcript:

The Nervous System

What is regulation?  The control and coordination of all bodily activities

Which two body systems are responsible for carrying out this life function?  Nervous  Endocrine (hormones)

What are the major functions of the Nervous System  Regulation  Recognize and respond to stimuli (any change in the environment)  Sends messages between cells

Parts of the NERVOUS SYSTEM Central N.S. Peripheral N.S. Spinal CordBrain The body’s main information processing center. Consists of Nerves and Neurons Allows for communication between the CNS and the rest of the body

Parts of the Brain  Cerebrum  Cerebellum  Medulla

The Brain A. B. C. Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem (Medulla)

Cerebrum  Largest part of the brain.  It is responsible for: Conscience thoughtConscience thought IntelligenceIntelligence MemoryMemory

Cerebellum  Second largest part of the brain.  It is responsible for: BalanceBalance Coordinates muscle activityCoordinates muscle activity

Medulla  Found at the base of the brain  Responsible for: Automatic ProcessesAutomatic Processes Heart Rate Heart Rate Breathing Breathing Gastrointestinal activity Gastrointestinal activity

Spinal Cord  Connects to the brain through the medulla.  Carries messages to and from the brain.  Coordinates Reflexes

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? What structures comprise each of these divisions?

The Nervous System The Nervous System – Drag & Drop

Identify These Parts of the Brain #1 #3 #2

What is the main functional unit of the peripheral nervous system? Saltatory Conduction Nodes of Ranvier THE NEURON!!

What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?  Nerve – a bundle of neurons.  Neuron – specialized cell that transports impulses (messages) Nerve (many neurons)

Types of Neurons   Sensory Neurons   Interneurons   Motor Neurons

Sensory Neurons   Sensory Neuron: Attached to receptors; receive stimuli from the environment and carry them to the CNS (central nervous system). Ex. Five Senses Heat Pain Water Concentration Tissue Damage

Interneurons   They are found in the brain or spinal cord (CNS), “BETWEEN” sensory and motor neurons.

Motor Neurons   Motor Neuron: carry information from interneurons to effectors (muscles or glands) to produce a response

Structure of a Neuron Dendrites- receive signals (impulses and sends them down the neuron) Cell Body- contains nucleus, cytoplasm, and other organelles Axon- carries electrical signals from cell body down the neuron C B A D E

Structure of a Neuron Terminal Branches- end of the neuron, transmits signal to the next one Synapse- gap between adjacent neurons; site of chemical activity C B A D E

What is a nervous impulse?  The electrochemical signal transmitted through the nervous system

How are impulses sent throughout the nervous system?  Electrically and Chemically!!

Where is the signal electrical?  Within a neuron

Where is the signal chemical?  At the synapse  (between neurons)

What is the name for the chemicals that transmit nervous impulses between neurons?  Neurotransmitters! Functions of Neurotransmitters Video

What are some examples of neurotransmitters? What types of signals do they send?

Generalized Pathway of Nervous System   Stimulus - change in internal or external environment (ex. sound, light, heat, odor)   Receptor - specialized structures to receive stimulus (ex. ear, nose, mouth, eyes, and skin)   Neurons – Sensory -> Inter -> Motor (sense change and figure out how to respond)

Chain Reaction   Effectors – specialized to produce a response (a muscle or gland)   Response - the physical movement made in response to the stimulus or the secretion of a hormone from a gland.

The Nervous System The Nervous System – Animation

Reflex actions Reflex actions – Animation

Reflexes   A REFLEX is an automatic response to a certain stimulus (you have NO control over it). Ex: Blinking Sneezing Coughing Breathing Heartbeat Knee-jerk Dilation of Pupil

What happens when you touch a hot surface like an iron?

How do drugs affect the nervous system?