Literature as Content For ESL/EFL introduction

objectives  List the benefits of using literature as content.  The importance of literature to extent learners’ awareness of their own communication.  List the six aspects of language development in literature.  Compare between efferent and esthetic reading.  List the advantages of stylistics  Use characterization and point of view in language development.  Use literary texts in integrating the four language skills.

Benefits of using literature as content 1. Show the importance of form in communication. 2. Good resource for integrating the 4 skills. 3. Raises cross-cultural awareness.

Defining Literary Texts  Language is used to convey a message by relating information.  Literature convey “an individual awareness of reality”  What makes literary texts unique is that the WHAT and HOW of the text are inseparable.  This makes literature valuable for extending learners’ awareness that how they say something is important in two ways.  What are those two ways? (refer to p. 319)  Example p

Defining Literary Text  The particularity of literary text rests on the author’s use of six aspects of text development.  What are these six aspects? (refer to p. 320).  These dimensions of literary texts that contribute to the “what/ how of literary communication.”

Examples of different literary works  Novels  Stories  Advertisements  Newspapers headlines  Jokes  Pun

Literary Text And The Reader  Rosenblatt(1978) defines literary texts in terms of how readers interact with them.  Interaction can be: Efferent reading Aesthetic reading Define the two terms. Refer to p. 320

Stylistics and its advantages  Stylistics: literary text analysis.  Advantages:  A key to decode the text  Basing the interpretation of systematic verbal Analysis reaffirms the centrality of the language as the aesthetic medium of literature.  Easy for non-native speakers since they already have the systematic knowledge of the language.  other researchers say the focus on stylistics will prevent the reader from enjoying the text.  What do you think? Refer to p.321 to define practical stylistics.

Using Literary Texts to Develop Language  Pick a partner and choose one of the stories mentioned in p  What things did you like about the story?  What things did you not like about the story?  If you wanted to give your students a story to read, what characteristics should it carry to achieve language development?

Characteristics of a chosen literary text  Students will enjoy reading literature only if the text is accessible to them.  The teacher should make sure that:  the theme of the text is engaging  The linguistic and conceptual level are appropriate for the students.

Literary texts in language development  teachers can help students develop their language through literary texts by means of using:  Characterization  Point of view

characterization  Readers assess characters in a story based on what the character says and does.  How to assess:  Listing the adjectives they believe best describe each character.  return to the text to justify their interpretations  Examine the language of the text.

Point of view  Three types of point of view:  Spatio-temporal point of view tenses & order of events  Ideological point of view critical literacy &reading literacy  Psychological point of view Refer to p. 323 and define the three types of point of view.

Using literary texts to integrate skills  How to integrate the 4 skills?  Reading refer to p. 326  Listening refer to p. 326  Speaking refer to p. 327  Writing refer to p. 328

Using literary texts to develop cultural awareness  Four dimensions of culture: 1. The aesthetic sense 2. The sociological sense 3. The semantic sense 4. pragmatic sense Refer to p. 328 to look up the meaning of these four dimensions

How to use a literary text to raise cultural awareness?  Choosing different texts from different cultures provides a medium for sharing and illuminating the differences and similarities of two cultures.