Comparable Frameworks UK Department for International Development Conducting Conflict Assessments US Government Inter-Agency Conflict Assessment Framework United Nations Development Program Peace and Development Analysis NGO Consortium Conflict-Sensitive Approaches to Development, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding

Challenges

Needs – identified by external review Focus on root causes (rather than proximate) More perspectives of marginalized More peace factors (positive) Greater follow-up consistency More consistent ongoing context monitoring

Challenges – identified by internal review Ongoing monitoring capacity & training Streamline & simplify consistency Timing especially re: strategy Adaptation for use by other sectors (government or private) Security of participants Externalization (incl. monograph)

For CARE to consider… What other standardised, industry-wide best practice is relevant Broadening the applicability of the MSTC analysis –Inter-agency framework –Open-source “Wiki-conflict analysis” Developing MSTC as Transformative Platform or Interactive Conflict Resolution Framework for civil society use

Durable Peace Framework Political Economy National Capacities Good Governance Transforming Leadership Vibrant Civil Society

Durable Peace Framework Political Economy National Capacities Good Governance Transforming Leadership Vibrant Civil Society National healing and reconciliation from historic brokenness Retention of brain and skill base in country Leadership incubation and development Gender access for roles and capabilities Sensitised core values including transparency & accountability Identify & develop indigenous national knowledge, skills, resources, and systems National identity that contributes toward well-being of national citizenship and the community of nations Value diversity and nourished mutual respect Sustainable livelihoods Just distribution of resources Equitable power distribution Macro-micro economic policies & practice Equitable participation in global economy Responsible membership in community of nations Security, peace, public safety Rule of law, independent judiciary Non-violent resolution of grievances and conflicts Participatory governance processes and citizenship Minority group protection & rights Human Services (accessible, affordable, quality to meet basic human needs) Public institutions, including free press and religious liberty Formation, nurture, protection, and engagement of civil society Networked civil society organisations with local to global linkages

OECD Framework

Conflict Theorist Initial Cause of Conflict Exacerbating Factors End Result of Conflict Recommended Focus for Conflict Transformation Azar Social diversity, Economic deprivation, Democratic deficits, Dependency on outside forces “Snowball trigger” “Snowploughs” (heavy-handed responses) “Snowdrifts” (resistant areas of grievance) Insecurity Institutional deformity Psychological ossification Increased dependency Focus on promote over- arching group identities Collier, Hoeffler, Huber et al Failure of economic development and other risks Natural resource trap, population dispersal, civil war history, diaspora influence, no economic prospects, insufficient diversity “Dutch disease” Bad neighbourhood Perverse incentives Carefully calibrated and timed interventions by the international community that support particular governance skills and capacities dividend A range of theoretical influences

Conflict Theorist Initial Cause of Conflict Exacerbating Factors End Result of Conflict Recommended Focus for Conflict Transformation Gurr Relative deprivation Group mobilization Ethnocultural identity Collective incentives Capacity for joint ethnopolitical action Loss of autonomy, repression Opportunity for group action Accommodated or suppressed communal groups Democratic development Fisher Historical antecedents Orientations and motives Group behaviors By-products of conflict Competitive interactions Intense and intractable conflict, with a ‘zero-sum’ mentality Co-operative interaction A range of theoretical influences (pt 2)

Conflict Theorist Initial Cause of Conflict Exacerbating Factors End Result of Conflict Recommended Focus for Conflict Transformation Galtung Growing gap between individual expectations and realizations Resources allocated away from resolution toward violence Direct violence, or destruction of means of individual realization Structural violence Cultural violence Visioning positive peace, and realization of social justice A range of theoretical influences (pt 3)