The Rise and Fall of the Populist Party

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The Rise and Fall of the Populist Party 1867-1896

The changing farmer Late 19th Century farmers: Grew cash crops Used profits to buy food at the general store and manufactured goods in town or by mail order Needed expensive machinery Needed loans to pay for it Those who failed were forced off the land and into factories

Farmers’ Problems Crop prices fell Farmers had no cash, went further into debt, and their lenders foreclosed on their mortgages The railroad companies charged outrageous prices to ship crops (no regulation!)

Farmers’ Demands Regulate the railroad companies (Stop them from charging such high rates) Make cash more available (back the dollar with silver, not gold, so dollar would be worth less) Constitutional demands: single term for President and Vice-President, secret ballot, popular election of Senators To get industrial workers to support them: 8-hour workday, restrict immigration

The Grange 1867 – The Grange founded (National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry) Organized by Oliver H. Kelley (right) Goals: Organize social, educational, and fraternal activities for isolated farmers Established cooperatively owned stores, grain elevators, and warehouses Political change such as railway rate and storage fee regulation

Different Groups Representing Farmers’ Interests 1880s: Farmers’ Alliance and Colored Farmers’ National Alliance 1892: Birth of the Populist, or People’s Party

1892 Presidential Election: Populist candidate won over a million votes!

1896 Election Democrats – 1890s Republicans – 1890s Southerners Wealthy farmers Supported low tariffs (wanted other countries to buy their crops) Northerners Wealthy business men (connected to the railroad) Southern African Americans (poor farmers) Supported high tariffs (didn’t want to compete with other countries’ products)

1896 Election Populists decide to improve their chances by supporting the Democratic candidate, William Jennings Bryan, who agreed to support the silver-backed dollar.

1896 Presidential Election: Bryan loses but carries most of the South and West

Central Historical Question Why did the Populist Party attract millions of supporters?