 Of the following, which do you think most Americans have in common? Give examples to illustrate your points.

Chapter 10

 Instructions: read p fill out your historical head with symbols of people, events, and/or policies that you think had the most influence in German unification

 Otto von Bismarck  Zollverein  Blood and Iron  Realpolitik  Prussian-Danish War  Seven Weeks War  Franco-Prussian War  EMS Dispatch  Kaiser  Second Reich  Bundesrat  Reichstag  Kulturkampf

 Identify events that prompted German unity in the early 1800’s  Explain how Bismarck united Germany

 Starts when Napoleon overruns Germany  Creates Rhine Confederation  Facilitates trade  Improves lives of serfs and Jews  Congress of Vienna creates Austrian-led German Confederation  Result: growing nationalism

 Prussian junker who serves Hohenzollern dynasty as chancellor  Realpolitik focuses on practical & pragmatic decisions (over moral or ideological ones)  Improves Prussian army & goes to war “It is not by speeches and majority resolutions that the great questions of the time are decided – that was the big mistake of 1848 and 1849 – but by iron and blood.” ~Otto Von Bismarck speaking before the Prussian legislature, 1862

 1864: seizes Schleswig from Denmark (helped by Austria)  Seven Weeks War (1866)  Attacks & defeats Austria  Unifies East & West Prussia, which annexes additional northern states

 Franco-Prussian War (1870)  France declares war after Ems Dispatch  France loses badly  South and North unify (Second Reich)  Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser His Majesty the King writes to me: "M. Benedetti intercepted me on the Promenade in order to demand of me most insistently that I should authorize him to telegraph immediately to Paris that I shall obligate myself for all future time never again to give my approval to the candidacy of the Hohenzollerns should it be renewed. I refused to agree to this, the last time somewhat severely, informing him that one dare not and cannot assume such obligations à tout jamais. Naturally, I informed him that I had received no news as yet, and since he had been informed earlier than I by way of Paris and Madrid he could easily understand that my Government was once again out of the matter." Since then His Majesty has received a dispatch from the Prince [Charles Anthony]. As His Majesty informed Count Benedetti that he was expecting news from the Prince, His Majesty himself, in view of the above-mentioned demand and in consonance with the advice of Count Eulenburg and myself, decided not to receive the French envoy again but to inform him through an adjutant that His Majesty had now received from the Prince confirmation of the news which Benedetti had already received from Paris, and that he had nothing further to say to the Ambassador. His Majesty leaves it to the judgment of Your Excellency whether or not to communicate at once the new demand by Benedetti and its rejection to our ambassadors and to the press. After the reports of the renunciation by the hereditary Prince of Hohenzollern had been officially transmitted by the Royal Government of Spain to the Imperial Government to the Imperial Government of France, the French Ambassador presented to His Majesty the King at Ems the demand to authorize him to telegraph to Paris that His Majesty the King would obligate himself for all future time never again to give his approval to the candidacy of the Hohenzollerns should it be renewed. His Majesty the King thereupon refused to receive the French envoy again and informed him through an adjutant that His Majesty has nothing further to say to the Ambassador and to the press.

 Germany becomes industrial power  Abundant resources and large workforce  Government policies promote development  Bismarck is Germany’s “Iron Chancellor”  Kulturkampf attempts to make Catholics loyal to Germany over the Church (and fails)  Combats socialists by implementing policies to protect workers (but the Social Democratic party grows)

 Takes throne in 1888; asks Bismarck to resign in 1890  Believes in divine right  Spends money on military, schools, transportation, and social welfare

 Zollverein- tears down all economic barriers between the German kingdoms, creates one currency, no tariffs or taxes on goods entering or exiting kingdom  Social policies-Worker’s compensation, minimum wage, retirements, workers health  Reichstag- Upper and lower house. Lower house called the Bundesrat which was made up of elected representatives. (Constitutional Monarchy)  The youth-schools with German history curriculums

Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Garibaldi  Victor Emmanuel  Identify each individual’s specific role in the Italian unification process. Then make sure to label each with one of the following:  Heart  Brain  Sword  king

How did each of these individuals help unify Italy? Camillo di Cavour Giusseppe Mazzini Giuseppe GaribaldiKing Victor Emmanuel How did each of these lead to German unification? policy of realpolitikSeven Weeks’ WarFranco-Prussian War

How did each of these individuals help unify Italy? Camillo di CavourGiuseppe GaribaldiKing Victor Emmanuel How did each of these individuals help unify Italy? Camillo di Cavour political leader from Sardinia who made smart alliances and used war with Austria to unite the North Giuseppe GaribaldiKing Victor Emmanuel How did each of these individuals help unify Italy? Camillo di Cavour political leader from Sardinia who made smart alliances and used war with Austria to unite the North Giuseppe Garibaldi military leader who took over South Italy, then turned its control over to King Victor Emmanuel King Victor Emmanuel How did each of these individuals help unify Italy? Camillo di Cavour political leader from Sardinia who made smart alliances and used war with Austria to unite the North Giuseppe Garibaldi military leader who took over South Italy, then turned its control over to King Victor Emmanuel King Victor Emmanuel Sardinian king who unified North & South Italy; took over Papal States (last holdout)