We The People... The Structure and Function of Texas Government

Background The Texas government is very strong today, even though it has gone through several changes and constitutions. Constitution of 1836 Constitution of 1845 Constitution of 1876

The founding fathers of Texas had wonderful insight that helped form a government of strength stability and

These Texans looked to a shining example of democracy as the basis for our state constitution and government. The Constitution of the United States

So the structure (what our government looks like) and function (what our government does) is a reflection of the United States government.

Part 1: The Structure of Texas Government Structure is the framework of our government.

The U.S. government is divided into three branches, each with different duties. The structure of Texas government is the same. Let’s take a look.

Three Branches of Government Judicial Legislative Executive

The Executive Branch *Structure *the governor, lieutenant- governor, and attorney-general *appointees *Function *see that laws are carried out

The Legislative Branch *Structure *“bicameral”- made of two houses like the U.S. Congress *Texas Senate *Texas House of Representatives *Function *make laws

The Judicial Branch *Structure *Texas Supreme Court *district courts *county and local courts *Function *decide if laws are fair *try civil and criminal cases

Part 2: Function of Texas Government Function is how the government works, or what it does for the people.

The U.S. Constitution is based on seven principles, or goals. Therefore, the Texas Constitution is based on the same seven principles.

1. Popular Sovereignty The principle of popular sovereignty is expressed in the first three words of the Constitution...

“Popular” means people. “Sovereignty” comes from “sovereign” which means ruler. Popular sovereignty means that the people rule.

Popular sovereignty is the belief that the people hold the final authority in government.

How is popular sovereignty achieved? How is popular sovereignty achieved?

Citizens vote on individuals to represent them in the various branches of government. Citizens vote on proposed laws.

2. Limited Power of Government Limited government means that we, as in “we the people”, give the government power… but not too much power. POWER

How do we limit the government’s power? Citizens are guaranteed fundamental rights and freedoms in the Bill of Rights. We outline the government’s power in a constitution.

3. Federalism Federalism is the sharing of powers between the state and national government. Some powers are state powers, some national, and some are shared. NationalState

What are some examples of federalism? National Powers maintain armed forces coin money declare war establish foreign policy State Powers maintain schools marriage and divorce laws conduct elections regulate trade within the state

Shared powers raise taxes charter banks provide for the public welfare administer criminal justice

4. Separation of Powers Separating powers guards against putting too much power in the hands of a few people.

We limit power by creating the three branches of government, each with separate duties. Legislative- makes laws Judicial- decides if laws are fair Executive- sees that laws are carried out

5. Checks and Balances Each branch of government can check, or control, the power of the other two branches. There is balance of power

Example of checks and balances Congress has the power to pass laws... However, Congress can check the president’s power by overriding, or canceling, the veto. but the president can veto laws. CANCEL

6. Republicanism A philosophy of limited government in which elected representatives serve at the will of the people. Congress

7. Individual rights The basic liberties and rights that are guaranteed in the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights. Freedom of Religion Freedom of the Press Examples:

The three branches are interdependent.

Let’s review the seven principles of Texas government: 1. Popular sovereignty 2. Limited government POWER 3. Federalism NationalState 4. Separation of power 5. Checks and balances

Let’s review the seven principles of Texas government: 7. Individual rights 6. Republicanism Congress

Texans have created a strong and responsible democracy that is responsive to the citizens of Texas.

Photo of Governor Rick Perry courtesy of the Texas State Archives. Credits