Chapter 3 Cells Section 1 Cell Structure p

A. Common cell structures All cells, regardless of the type have these two things: An outer covering called a cell membrane Internal gelatin-like cytoplasm

1. Comparing cells Size and shape relate to function

TURN AND TALK Turn to your partner to discuss the diffferent types of cells found throughout the human body.

2. There are two cell types Prokaryotic cells - Lack membrane bound internal structures One celled organisms like bacteria Eukaryotic cells - Have membrane bound internal structures called organelles All advanced cells like protists, fungi, plants and animals

B Cell Organization 1. Cell Wall – Composed of cellulose, grows, changes shape, and protects the cells of plants, algae, and most bacteria; animal cellsdo not have a cellwall!

TURN AND TALK Why do plants have a cell wall but animals do not?

B Cell Organization 2. Cell Membrane – Protective layer around all cells a. For cells with cell walls the cell membrane is inside the cell wall b. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell

3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape

3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape B. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life processes.

Organelles 4. Nucleus – contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA

Organelles 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work

Organelles 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

b. Organelles which release the energy stored in food are called mitochondria Organelles 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

Organelles 6. Manufacturing organelles A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities

Organelles 6. Manufacturing organelles A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities B. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum (a series of smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell)

Turn and Talk What foods are considered “protein?”

Organelles 7. Transporting and storing organelles A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell

Organelles 7. Transporting and storing organelles A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell B. Vacuoles – membrane-bound temporary storage spaces

Turn and Talk Why do you think plants have a large, central vacuole? What would be its purpose?

Organelles Lysosomes - Recycling organelles, break down food molecules and cell wastes

C. From cell to organism Cell – smallest unit

C. From cell to organism Cell – smallest unit 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.

C. From cell to organism Cell – smallest unit 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ.

C. From cell to organism Cell – smallest unit 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system.

C. From cell to organism Cell – smallest unit 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system. Organism – the organ systems work together to form the entire organism.