SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter Five: How Sociologists Do Research This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Macro - Broad Matters  Micro - Individualistic Matters What is a Valid Sociological Topic?

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  What Everyone Knows May Not Be True  Move Beyond Guesswork Common Sense and the Need for Research

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Selecting a Topic  Defining a Problem  Reviewing the Literature  Formulating a Hypothesis A Research Model

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Choosing a Research Method  Collecting Data  Analyzing Results  Sharing Results A Research Model

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20076

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Surveys  Selecting a Sample  Random Sample  Stratified Random Sample  Asking Neutral Questions Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Questionnaires  Self-Administered  Allow the Largest Sample  Low Cost  Loss of Researcher Control Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Interviews  More Researcher Control  Time Consuming  Interviewer Bias  Structured Interviews  Open-Ended Questions  Establishing Rapport Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Participant Observation (Fieldwork)  Researcher Participates  Problems with Generalizability  Done for Exploratory Work  Generates Hypotheses Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Secondary Analysis  Analyze Data Collected by Others  Researcher Cannot Be Sure of Data Quality Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Documents  Examine Books, Newspapers, Diaries, etc.  Limited Scope  Cannot Study Topic Unless Access is Granted Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Experiments  Experimental Group  Control Group  Independent Variables  Dependent Variables Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Unobtrusive Measures  Observe People Without Them Knowing  Question of Ethics Research Methods

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Available Resources  Access to Subjects  Purpose of Research  Researcher’s Background and Training Deciding Which Method to Use

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Quantitative Research Methods  Emphasis on Precise Measurement  Uses Statistics and Numbers  Qualitative Research Methods  Emphasis on Observing, Describing, and Interpreting Behavior Deciding Which Method to Use

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Affects Orientation and Attitudes  Interviewer Bias  Women and Men Lead Different Lives Gender in Sociological Research

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Openness, Honesty, and Truthfulness  Forbids Falsifying Results  Condemns Plagiarism  Subjects’ Informed Consent  Subjects’ Anonymity Ethics in Sociological Research

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Protecting Subjects: The Brajuha Research Ethics in Sociological Research

Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Neither Research nor Theory can Stand Alone  Theories Must Be Tested  Findings Must be Explained with Theory How Research and Theory Work Together