Chapter 14 Vocab and Reflections Audrey Melisa and Kaiya

Vasco Da Gama Led the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497 Sighted and named Natal (South Africa) on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean Arrived in Calicut (present day Kozhikode) in 1498

Condiments any spice used to flavor food cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves above all; pepper referred to as aphrodisiacs

Substance added to products such as foods, medication, paint, biological samples, cosmetics, tires, woods, beverages, etc Used to prevent decompositional microbial growth or undesirable chemical changes Common example would be salt; used for preserving food (ex: meat) Preservatives

A food, drink, or drug that stimulates sexual desire Aphrodisiacs A food, drink, or drug that stimulates sexual desire

Having healing properties medicinal Of a substance or plant Having healing properties Pepper, chocolate and bananas are examples

Monopoly The exclusive possession or control of the supply of trade in a commodity or service.

Indian Ocean Commercial Network nbfghbgvfcdfghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj Indian Ocean Commercial Network Massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times uydvcbuhnjdcnjhbcdjncnjbjbbbubdi East Africa, India, Southeast Asia Badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500

Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade, rather than on the control of subject people Trading Post Empire

Philippines (Spanish) Named after Philip II Colonized after the Spanish beginning Used as the second Trading Post Empire Philippines Spanish takeover resulted in widespread Christianity conversions Remained a colony until 1900 (Spanish)

British/Dutch East India Companies Private trading companies Chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600 Were given monopolies on Indian Ocean Trade Included the right to make war and to rule people

Tokugawa Shogunate Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate itself from foreign influences Tokugawa Shogunate

The trade of silver to China in exchange for Chinese goods “Silver Drain” Eventually all the silver was going to China.

Potosi Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America.

“Soft Gold” Nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs Highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status Fur trade generated massive wealth for those involved in it, in several regions

African Diaspora Name given to the spread of African slave peoples across the Atlantic, via the slave trade

Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 - 31 March 1797) Known in his lifetime as Gustavus Vassa African in London A freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade

The Middle Passage The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies

Dahomey West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers’ exploitation of the slave trade

whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade Benin in what is now Nigeria West African kingdom whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade

Ayuba Suleiman Diallo sold into slavery in West Africa and transported to work on a plantation in Maryland in 1730, this well-educated Muslim (ca. 1700-1773) became a celebrity in England because of his life story. He returned to his home in West Arica in 1734 after philanthropists bought his freedom.

Globalization Process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment, and aided by information technology.

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