The Early Caliphate Caliph – “Successor” Abu Bakr (632-34) Umar (634-44) –635: Damascus –636: Battle of Yarmuk –638: Jerusalem & Antioch –639-46: Egypt.

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The Early Caliphate Caliph – “Successor” Abu Bakr (632-34) Umar (634-44) –635: Damascus –636: Battle of Yarmuk –638: Jerusalem & Antioch –639-46: Egypt Uthman (644-56) - assassinated

Islamic Expansion ca. 656

Civil War & Umayyads Ali (656-61) Shi’i & Sunni Mu‘awiya (661-80) Umayyad dynasty ( ) Damascus 711: Conquest of Spain

Umayyad Caliphate, ca. 732

Expansion of Islam

Abbasids Baghdad Harun al-Rashid ( ) Early 900s - decline

The Five Pillars of Islam 1.Shahādah 2.Salat (prayer) –5 times / day –mu’adhdhin (muezzin) –mosque—masjid; rak‘ah 3.Zakāt (alms) 4.Fasting in Ramadān

Five Pillars (cont.) 5. Hajj Lesser Hajj – Ka‘ba

Hajj (cont.) al-Safā & al-Marwā Hagar & Ishmael Plain of Arafāt

Hajj (cont.) Minā

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